Trends, Prevalence, Methods

420 papers on trends, prevalence, methods

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A Short History of Nutrition

Reference Title Journal
Carpenter, KJ (2003) A short history of nutritional science: Part 1 (1785 - 1885) J Nutr Full
Carpenter, KJ (2003) A short history of nutritional science: Part 2 (1885 - 1912) J Nutr Full
Carpenter, KJ (2003) A short history of nutritional science: Part 3 (1912 - 1944) J Nutr Full
Carpenter, KJ (2003) A short history of nutritional science: Part 4 (1945 - 1985) J Nutr Full
Semba, RD (2012) The discovery of the vitamins Int J Vitam Nutr Res Full
Weaver, CM (2014) Processed foods: contributions to nutrition AJCN Full

Accuracy of Food Labels

Reference Title Journal
Jumpertz, R (2013) Food label accuracy of common snack foods Obesity Full
Reference Title Journal
Ervin & Ogden (2013) Consumption of added sugars among US adults, 2005-2010 CDC Full
Martinez Steele, E (2016) Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative… BMJ Open Full
Welsh, JA (2011) Consumption of added sugars is decreasing in the United States Am J Clin Nutr Full
White, JS (2013) Challenging the Fructose hypothesis: new perspectives on fructose consumption and metabolism Adv Nutr Full
Reference Title Journal
Sylvetsky, AC (2012) Low-calorie sweetener consumption is increasing in the United States Am J Clin Nutr Full

Behavior Change Techniques Taxonomy

Reference Title Journal
Abraham & Michie (2008) A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions Health Psychol Abs
Michie, S (2011) A refined taxonomy of behavior change techniques to help people change their physical activity an… Psychol Health Abs
Michie, S (2013) The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building a… Anns Behav Med Full

Beverage Consumption Patterns

Reference Title Journal
Briefel & Johnson (2004) Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States Annu Rev Nutr Abs
Gibson & Shirreffs (2013) Beverage consumption habits “24/7” among British adults: association with total water intake and… Nutr J Full
Kant, AK (2012) Association of food form with self-reported 24-h energy intake and meal patterns in US adults: NH… Am J Clin Nutr Full
Reference Title Journal
Archer, E (2013) Validity of US nutritional serveillance: NNHANES caloric energy intake data, 1971-2010 PLOS ONE Full
Austin, GL (2011) Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-wei… Am J Clin Nutr Full
Briefel & Johnson (2004) Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States Annu Rev Nutr Abs

Calorie Intake - Weekdays vs Weekends

Reference Title Journal
Jorge, R (2019) Does diet strictness level during weekends and holiday periods influence 1-year follow-up weight… Nutr J Full
Orsama, AL (2014) Weight rhythms: weight increases during weekends and decreases during weekdays Obes Facts Full
Racette, SB (2008) Influence of weekend lifestyle patterns on body weight Obesity Full

Calories Available in the Food Supply

Reference Title Journal
Duffey & Popkin (2011) Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: contributions to increased energy intake in t… PLOS MED Full
Hall, KD (2009) The progressive increase of food waste in America and its environmental impact PLOS ONE Full
Hall, KD (2018) Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic? Obesity Full
Krebs-Smith, SM (2010) Healthfulness of the U.S. food supply: little improvement despite decades of dietary guidance Am J Prev Med Full
Swinburn, BA (2011) The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments Lancet Abs
Swinburn, BA (2009) Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity Am J Clin Nutr Full
Vandevijvere, S (2015) Increased food energy supply as a major driver of the obesity epidemic Bull World Health Organ Full

Consumers Estimation of Calories in Foods

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Block, JP (2013) Consumers’ estimation of calorie content at fast food restaurants: cross sectional observational… BMJ Full

Cost Efficiency Effectiveness of Diets

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Archer, E (2012) An economic analysis of traditional and technology-based approaches to weight loss Am J Prev Med Abs
Dansinger, ML (2007) Meta-analysis: the effect of dietary counseling for weight loss Ann Intern Med Abs
Finkelstein & Kruger (2014) Meta- and cost-effectiveness analysis of commercial weight loss strategies Obesity Full
Fuller, NR (2013) A within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis of primary care referral to a commercial provider for… Int J Obes Full
Hersey, JC (2012) The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a community weight management intervention: a randomized c… Prev Med Abs
Loveman, E (2011) The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of long-term weight management schemes for adul… Health Technol Assess Full
Pritchard, DA (1999) Nutritional counseling in general practice: A cost-effective analysis J Epidemiol Community Health Full
Radcliff, TA (2012) Comparing costs of telephone vs face-to-face extended-care programs for the management of obesity… ADA Full
Ritzwoller, DP (2013) Economic analyses of the Be Fit Be Well Program: A weight loss program for community health centers Gen Med Full
Tsai, AG (2005) Commercial and self-help programs for weight control Psychiatr Clin N Am Abs
Tsai, AG (2012) A quality-adjusted life year of prevention: the cost-effectiveness of nutrition counseling ADA Abs
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Fakhouri, T (2012) Consumption of diet drinks in the United States, 2009-2010 CDC Full

Dietary Guidelines

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Britten, P (2012) Updated US Department of Agriculture Food Patterns meet goals of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines J Acad Nutr Diet Abs
CDC (2012) Second national report on biochemical indicators of diet and nutrition in the US population CDC Full
Fogli-Cawley, J (2006) The 2005 dietary guidelines for Americans Adherence Index: Development and application J Nutr Full
Fulgoni III, VL (2011) Foods, forticants, and supplements: Where do Americans get their Nutrients? J Nutr Full
Guenther, PM (2014) The healthy eating index-2010 is a valid and reliable measure of diet quality according to the 20… J Nutr Full
King, JC (2007) An evidence-based approach for establishing dietary guidelines J Nutr Full
Krebs-Smith, SM (2010) Americans do not meet federal dietary recommendations J Nutr Full
Layman, DK (2009) Dietary guidelines should reflect new understandings about adult protein needs Nutr Metab Full
Lichtenstein, AH (2006) Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: A scientific statement from the American Heart… Circulation Full
Marra, MV (2009) Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrient Supplementation J Am Diet Assoc Abs
Nicklas, TA (2013) Barriers and facilitators for consumer adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: The HEA… J Acad Nutr Diet Abs
Post, RC (2011) Setting the table with a healthy plate: make half your plate fruits and vegetables ADA Abs
Slavin, J (2012) Beverages and body weight: challenges in the evidence-based review process of the Carbohydrate Su… Nutr Rev Full
Srinivasan, CS (2013) Can adherence to dietary guidelines address excess caloric intake? An empirical assessment for th… Econ Human Biol Abs
Wansink & Kranz (2013) Who’s using MyPlate? J Nutr Educ Behav Abs
Wolever & Sievenpiper (2014) Revised food labeling in North America: the blind leading the blind Eur J Clin Nutr Full

Dietary Supplements (use of)

Reference Title Journal
Blanck, HM (2007) Use of nonprescription dietary supplements for weight loss is common among Americans J Am Diet Assoc Abs
Pillitteri, JL (2008) Use of dietary supplements for weight loss in the United States: results of a national survey Obesity Full

Dieting Practices (Weight Control Behaviors)

Reference Title Journal
Arterburn, D (2013) Weight control practices of severely obese patients who are not seeking bariatric surgery Obesity Full
Haynes, A (2018) A systematic review of the relationship between weight status perceptions and weight loss attempt… Obes Rev Full
Jeffery & French (1996) Socioeconomic status and weight control practices among 20- to 45-year-old women Am J Public Health Full
Keller & Siegrist (2015) The weight management strategies inventory (WMSI). Development of a new measurement instrument, c… Appetite Abs
Kruger, J (2004) Attempting to lose weight. Specific practices among US adults Am J Prev Med Full
Neumark-Sztainer, D (2000) Weight-control behaviors among Adults and adolescents: Associations with dietary intake Prev Med Abs
Thomas, SL (2008) “They all work…when you stick to them”: A qualitative investigation of dieting, weight loss, and… Nutr J Full

Does Healthy Food Cost More than Junk Food

Reference Title Journal
Katz, DL (2011) A cost comparison of more and less nutritous food choices in US supermarkets Public Health Nutr Full
Rao, M (2013) Do healthier foods and diet patterns cost more than less healthy options? A systematic review and… BMJ Full

Eating Away from Home - Calorie Intake

Reference Title Journal
Briefel & Johnson (2004) Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States Annu Rev Nutr Abs
Fryar & Ervin (2013) Caloric intake from fast food among adults: United States, 2007-2010 CDC Full
Kant & Graubard (2004) Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutritional correlates Prev Med Abs
Lachat, C (2012) Eating out of home and its association with dietary intake: a systematic review of the evidence Obes Rev Abs
Lin & Guthrie (2012) Nutritional quality of food prepared at home and away from home ERS Full

Eating Occasions Food Frequency

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Duffey & Popkin (2011) Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: contributions to increased energy intake in t… PLOS MED Full
Popkin & Duffey (2010) Does hunger and satiety drive eating anymore? Increasing eating occasions and decreasing time bet… Am J Clin Nutr Full

Economic Burden of Obesity

Reference Title Journal
Wang, YC (2011) Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK Lancet Abs

Energy Density Low-Nutrient Dense Food

Reference Title Journal
Briefel & Johnson (2004) Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States Annu Rev Nutr Abs
Duffey & Popkin (2011) Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: contributions to increased energy intake in t… PLOS MED Full

Energy Expenditure in Industrialized and Indigenous Populations

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Dugas, LR (2011) Energy expenditure in adults living in developing compared with industrialized countries: a meta-… Am J Clin Nutr Full

Estimation of Calories to Cause Obesity

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Swinburn, BA (2009) Estimating the changes in energy flux that characterize the rise in obesity prevalence Am J Clin Nutr Full

Fast Food & Sit Down Restaurants - Calorie Information

Reference Title Journal
An, R (2015) Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption and daily energy and nutrient intakes in US adults EJCN Full
Bauer, KW (2012) Energy content of US fast food restaurant offerings. 14-Year trends Am J Prev Med Full
Hearst, MO (2013) Nutritional quality at eight US fast-food chains. 14-year trends Am J Prev Med Abs
Jacobson, MF (2013) Changes in sodium levels in processed and restaurant foods 2005 to 2011 JAMA Intern Med Full
Scourboutakos & L-Abbe (2012) Restaurant menus, calories, caloric density, and serving size Am J Prev Med Abs
Scourboutakos, MJ (2013) Restaurant meals: almost a full day’s worth of calories, fats, and sodium JAMA Intern Med Full

Fitness - Morbidity & Mortality

Reference Title Journal
Blair, SN (1989) Physical fitness and all-cause mortality-A prospective study of healthy men and women JAMA Abs
Blair, SN (1995) Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality JAMA Abs
Church, TS (2001) Usefulness of cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mo… Am J Cardiol Abs
Church, TS (2009) The low-finess phenotype as a risk factor: more than just being sedentary? Obesity Full
Fogelholm, M (2009) Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factor… Obes Rev Abs
Moore, SC (2012) Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: a large pooled co… PLOS ONE Full
Myers, J (2002) Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing NEJM Full
Ross, R (2016) Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a c… Circulation Full
Wei, M (1999) Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, an… JAMA Full
Williams & Thompson (2013) Walking versus running for hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus risk reduction Arteriscler Thromb Vasc Biol Full
Williams, PT (2001) Physical fitness and activity as separate heart disease risk factors: a meta-analysis Med Sci Sports Exerc Full
Williams, PT (2008) Vigorous exercise, fitness and incident hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes Med Sci Sports Exerc Full

Fitness Apps - Quality Of

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Cowan, LT (2013) Apps of Steel: Are exercise apps providing consumers with realistic expectations?: A content anal… Health Educ Behav Abs
Reference Title Journal
White, JS (2013) Challenging the Fructose hypothesis: new perspectives on fructose consumption and metabolism Adv Nutr Full

Food Addiction (Prevalence)

Reference Title Journal
Meule, A (2012) Food addiction and body-mass-index: a non-linear relationship Med Hypothesis Abs
Pedram, P (2013) Food addiction: Its prevalence and significant association with obesity in the general population PLOS ONE Full

Fruit & Vegetable Intake

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Erinosho, TO (2011) Fruit and vegetable intake of US adults: comparing intake by mode of survey administration J Am Diet Assoc Abs
Guenther, P (2006) Most Americans eat much less than recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables J Am Diet Assoc Abs
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Finucane, MM (2011) National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of healt… Lancet Full
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Micha, R (2016) Global, regional, and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic an… BMJ Full

Glycemic Index - Calculated versus Actual

Reference Title Journal
Dodd, H (2011) Calculating meal glycemic index by using measured and published food values compared with directl… Am J Clin Nutr Full
Flint, A (2004) The use of glycaemic index tables to predict glycaemic index composite breakfast meals Br J Nutr Full

Glycemic Index Glycemic Load Values

Reference Title Journal
Atkinson, FS (2008) International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008 Diabetes Care Full
Foster-Powell, K (2002) International table of glycemic index and glycemix load values: 2002 Am J Clin Nutr Full

Health Benefits of a Modest Weight Loss

Reference Title Journal
Blackburn, G (1995) Effect of degree of weight loss on health benefits Obes Res Full
Fayh, AP (2013) Effects of a 5% weight loss through diet or diet plus exercise on cardiovascular parameters of ob… Eur J Nutr Full
Goldstein, DJ (1992) Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss Int J Obes Abs
Wing, RR (2011) Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese i… Diabetes Care Full

Health at Every Size

Reference Title Journal
Aphramor, L (2010) Validity of claims made in weight management research: a narrative review of dietetic articles Nutr J Full
Bacon, L (2005) Size acceptance and intuitive eating improve health for obese, female chronic dieters J Am Diet Assoc Abs
Bacon, L (2002) Evaluating a ’non-diet’ wellness interventions for improvement of metabolic fitness, psychologica… Int J Obesity Full

Healthy Obesity & Metabolically Obese Lean

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Bluher, M (2012) Are there still healthy obese patients? Curr Opin Endocrinol Abs
Coutinho, T (2013) Combining body mass index with measures of central obesity in the assessment of mortality in subj… J Am Coll Cardiol Full
Durward, CM (2012) All-cause mortality risk of metabolically healthy obese individuals in NHANES III J Obesity Full
Lopez-Miranda (2013) It is time to define metabolically obese but normal-weight (MONW) individuals Clin Endocrinol Abs
Ortega, FB (2013) The intriguing metabolically healthy but obese phenotype: cardiovascular prognosis and role of fi… Eur Heart J Full
Samocha-Bonet, D (2012) Insulin-sensitive obesity in humans - a ‘favorable fat’ phenotype? Trends Endo Metab Abs
Soriguer, F (2013) Metabolically healthy but obese, a matter of time? Findings from the Prospective Pizarra Study JCEM Full
Wildman, RP (2008) The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabol… Arch Intern Med Full
Xu, J (2013) What distinguishes adipose tissue of severely obese humans who are insulin sensitive and resistant? Curr Opin Lipidol Full

History of Dieting

Reference Title Journal
Council on Foods & Nutr (1973) A critique of low-carbohydrate ketogenic weight reduction regimens. A review of Dr. Atkins’ Diet… JAMA Abs
Jou, C (2014) The biology and genetics of obesity–A century of inquiries NEJM Full
Levine, DI (2017) The curious history of the calorie in U.S. policy: a tradition of unfulfilled promises Am J Prev Med Abs
Mayer, J (1953) Genetic, traumatic and environmental factors in the etiology of obesity Physiol Rev Abs
Miller & Mumford (1966) Obesity: physical activity and nutrition Proc Nutr Soc Engl Scot Full
Pennington, AW (1954) Treatment of obesity: developments of the past 150 years Am J Dig Dis Abs
Widdowson, EM (1962) Nutritional Individuality Proc Nutr Soc Full

History of Measuring Energy Expenditure

Reference Title Journal
Shepard & Aoyagi (2012) Measurement of human energy expenditure, with particular reference to field studies: an historica… Eur J Appl Physiol Abs
Weir, JP (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism J Physiol Full

Hunter-Gatherer Nutrition versus Modern World

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Carrera-Bastos (2011) The western diet and lifestyle and diseases of civilization Res Rep Clin Cardiol Full
Chakravarthy & Booth (2004) Eating, exercise, and “thrifty” genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understandi… J Appl Physiol Full
Cordain, L (1998) Physical activity, energy expenditure and fitness: An evolutionary perspective Int J Sports Med Abs
Cordain, L (2000) Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer… Am J Clin Nutr Full
Cordain, L (2002) The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: meat-based, yet non-atherogenic Eur J Clin Nutr Full
Cordain, L (2005) Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century Am J Clin Nutr Full
Eaton & Konner (1985) Paleolithic Nutrition: A consideration of its nature and current implications NEJM Abs
Fodor, GJ (2014) “Fishing” for the origins of the “Eskimos and heart disease” story. Facts or wishful thinking? A… Canad J Cardiol Abs
Frassetto, LA (2009) Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet Eur J Clin Nutr Full
Hardy, K (2015) The importance of dietary carbohydrate in human evolution The Quart Rev Biol Abs
King, BM (2012) Ancestral hunter-gatherers and sensory-reward control of food intake Am Psychol Abs
Konner & Eaton (2010) Paleolithic Nutrition: Twenty-five years later Nutr Clin Prac Abs
Leonard & Robertson (1992) Nutritional requirements and human evolution: A bioenergetics model Am J Hum Biol Abs
Luca, F (2010) Evolutionary adaptations to dietary changes Annu Rev Nutr Full
Mann, N (2000) Dietary lean red meat and human evolution Eur J Nutr Abs
Pontzer, H (2012) Hunter-Gatherer energetics and human obesity PLOS ONE Full
Speth & Spielman (1983) Energy source, protein metabolism, and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies J Anthropol Archaeol Abs
Reference Title Journal
Smith, LP (2013) Trends in US home food preparation and consumption: analysis of national nutrition surveys and ti… Nutr J Full
Taillie, LS (2018) Who’s cooking? Trends in US home food preparation by gender, education, and race/ethnicity from 2… Nutr J Full

Measuring Intake - Innovative Methods

Reference Title Journal
Dong, Y (2012) A new method for measuring meal intake in humans via automated wrist motion tracking Appl Psychophysiol Biofeed Full
Helander, E (2014) Factors related to sustained use of a free mobile app for dietary self-monitoring with photograph… J Med Int Res Full
Martin, CK (2013) Measuring food intake with digital photography J Hum Nutr Dietetics Full
PaBler, S (2012) Food intake monitoring: an acoustical approach to automated food intake activity detection and cl… Physiol Meas Abs

Measuring Metabolic Rate & RER - Reproducibility, Confounders, and Variation

Reference Title Journal
Adriaens, MP (2003) Intra-individual variation of basal metabolic rate and the influence of daily habitual physical a… Br J Nutr Full
Bassett, DR (2001) Validity of inspiratory and expiratory methods of measuring gas exchange with a computerized system JAP Full
Bosy-Westphal, A (2013) Issues in characterizing resting energy expenditure in obesity and after weight loss Front Physiol Full
Frankenfield & Coleman (2013) An evaluation of a handheld indirect calorimeter against a standard calorimeter in obese and nono… JPEN Abs
Frankenfield, DC (2003) Validation of several established equations for resting metabolic rate in obese and nonobese people J Am Diet Assoc Abs
Gribok, A (2013) On the accuracy of instantaneous gas exchange rates, energy expenditure and respiratory quotient… Physiol Meas Abs
Haugen, HA (2003) Variability of measured resting metabolic rate Am J Clin Nutr Full
Jeacocke & Burke (2010) Methods to standardize dietary intake before performance testing Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Abs
Johnstone, AM (2005) Factors influencing variation in basal metabolic rate include fat-free mass, fat mass, age, and c… Am J Clin Nutr Full
Keytel, LR (2005) Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise J Sports Sci Abs
Madden, AM (2013) Accuracy and preference of measuring resting energy expenditure using a handheld calorimeter in h… J Acad Nutr Diet Abs
Madzima, TA (2014) Night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate results in increased morning resting energy exp… Br J Nutr Full
McMurray, RG (2014) Examing variations of resting metabolic rate of adults: A public health perspective MSSE Full
Roffey, DM (2006) Day-to-day variance in measurement of resting metabolic rate using ventilated-hood and mouthpiece… JPEN Abs
Rose & Williams (1961) Metabolic studies on large and small eaters Br J Nutr Full
Schutz & Raavussin (1980) Respiratory quotients lower than 0.70 in ketogenic diets AJCN Abs
Schutz, Y (1995) Abnormalities of fuel utilization as predisposing to the development of obesity in humans Obes Res Full
Schutz, Y (2004) Concept of fat balance in human obesity revisited with particular reference to de novo lipogenesis Int J Obes Full
Stauffer, RA (2016) The acute effect of intermittent fasting on resting energy expenditure in college-aged males ASEP Full
Taylor & Garrow (2001) Compared with nibbling, neither gorging nor a morning fast affect short-term energy balance in ob… Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord Full
Weir, JB (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism J Physiol Full
Westenskow, DR (1988) Calculation of metabolic expenditure and substrate utilization from gas exchange measurements JPEN Abs
Whelan, ME (2014) A review of the effect of dietary composition on fasting substrate oxidation in healthy and overw… Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr Abs

Nutrition Transition

Reference Title Journal
Crino, M (2015) The influence of population weight gain and obesity of the macronutrient composition and energy d… Curr Obes Rep Abs

Obesity - Complex Gene Environment Interactions

Reference Title Journal
Bray & Champagne (2005) Beyond energy balance: There is more to obesity than kilocalories J Am Diet Assoc
Hafekost, K (2013) Tackling overweight and obesity: does the public health message match the science? BMC Med
McAllister, EJ (2009) Ten putative contributors to the obesity epidemic Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
McFerran & Mukhopadhyay (2013) Lay theories of obesity predict actual body mass Psych Sci

Obesity Morbidity & Mortality

Reference Title Journal
Adams, K (2006) Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old NEJM Full
Afshin, A (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years NEJM Full
Allison, DB (1999) Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States JAMA Full
Berrington de Gonzalez, A (2010) Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 milliion white adults NEJM Full
Calle, EE (2005) Obesity and mortality NEJM Abs
Campos, P (2005) The epidemiology of overweight and obesity: public health crisis or moral panic? Int J Epidemiol Full
Canning, KL (2013) Relationship between obesity and obesity-related morbidities weakens with aging J Gerontol A Biol Sci Full
Carmienke, S (2013) General and abdominal obesity parameters and their combination in relation to moratlity: a system… Eur J Clin Nutr Full
Carnethon, MR (2012) Association of weight status with mortality in adults with incidient diabetes JAMA Full
Chang, SH (2013) Life years lost associated with obesity-related diseases for US non-smoking adults PLOS ONE Full
Childers & Allison (2010) The ‘obesity paradox’: a parsimonious explanation for relations among obesity, mortality rate and… Int J Obes Full
Church, TS (2005) Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality a… Arch Intern Med Full
Cohen, SS (2012) Obesity and all-cause mortality among black adults and white adults Am J Epidemiol Full
Coutinho, T (2013) Combining body mass index with measures of central obesity in the assessment of mortality in subj… J Am Coll Cardiol Full
Durazo-Arvizu, RA (1998) Mortality and optimal body mass index in a sample of the US population Am J Epidemiol Full
Durward, CM (2012) All-cause mortality risk of metabolically healthy obese individuals in NHANES III J Obesity Full
Finkelstein, EA (2010) Individual and aggregate years-of-life-lost associated with overweight and obesity Obesity Full
Flegal, KM (2004) Estimating deaths attributable to obesity in the United States Am J Public Health Full
Flegal, KM (2005) Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity JAMA Full
Flegal, KM (2007) Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity JAMA Full
Flegal, KM (2013) Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index cat… JAMA Full
Fontaine, KR (2012) Body mass index and mortality rate among Hispanic adults: a pooled analysis of multiple epidemiol… Int J Obes Full
Greenberg, JA (2013) Obesity and early mortality in the United States Obesity Full
Gregg, EW (2005) Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults JAMA Full
Guh, DP (2009) The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-a… BMC Public Health Full
Guthman, J (2013) Fatuous measures: the artifactual construction of the obesity epidemic Critical Public Health Full
Heymsfiled & Cefalu (2013) Does body mass index adequately convey a patient’s mortality risk? JAMA Abs
Hughes, V (2013) The big fat truth Nature Full
Janssen & Mark (2007) Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly Obes Rev Abs
Katzmarzyk, PT (2005) Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and mortality. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness Diabetes Care Full
Keith, SW (2013) Mortality rate and overweight: overblown or underestimated? A commentary on a recent meta-analysi… Molec Metab Full
Krakauer & Krakauer (2012) A new body shape index predicts mortality hazard independently of body mass index PLOS ONE Full
Ma, J (2013) Joint association of adiposity and smoking with mortality among US adults Prev Med Abs
Mark, DH (2005) Deaths attributable to obesity JAMA Abs
Masters, RK (2013) Obesity and US mortality risk over the adult life course Am J Epidemiol Full
McGee, DL (2005) Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observa… Ann Epidemiol Abs
Mokdad, AH (2004) Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000 JAMA Abs
Mokdad, AH (2005) Correction: Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000 JAMA Abs
Orpana, HM (2010) BMI and mortality: results from the national longitudinal study of Canadian adults Obesity Full
Park, MH (2012) The impact of childhood obesity on morbidity and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review Obes Rev Abs
Park, Y (2012) Body mass index and mortality in non-hispanic black adults in the NIH-AARP diet and healthy study PLOS ONE Full
Poirier, P (2005) Obesity and cardiovascular disease statement Circulation Full
Preston, SH (2005) Deadweight?–The influence of obesity on longevity NEJM Abs
Preston, SH (2012) Projecting the effect of changes in smoking and obesity on future life expectancy in the United S… Nat Bureau Econ Res Full
Preston, SH (2013) Modeling obesity histories in cohort analyses of health and mortality Epidemiology Full
Robertson, HT (2013) Turning the analysis of obesity-mortality associations upside down: modeling years of life lost t… Obesity Full
Stokes & Mehta (2013) Mortality and excess risk in US adults with pre-diabetes and diabetes: a comparison of two nation… Pop Health Metric Full
Stum & Hattori (2013) Morbid obesity rates continue to rise rapidly in the United States Int J Obes Full
The, NS (2013) Timing and duration of obesity in relation to diabetes Diabetes Care Full
Troiano, RP (1995) The relationship between body weight and mortality: a quantitative analysis of combined informati… Int J Obes Abs
Whitlock, G (2009) Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900,000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 pros… Lancet Full

People with Obesity Views of Weight Management Programs

Reference Title Journal
Dahl, U (2014) Personnel and participant experiences of a residential weight-loss program. A qualitative study PLOS ONE Full
Foster, GD (2001) Obese patients’ perceptions of treatment outcomes and the factors that influence them Arch Intern Med Full
Garip & Yardley (2011) A synthesis of qualitative research on overweight and obese peoples’ views and experiences of wei… Clin Obes Abs
Rand, K (2017) “It is not the diet; it is the mental part we need help with.” A multilevel analysis of psycholog… Int J Qual Stud Health Full

Pet Ownership & Obesity

Reference Title Journal
Stephens, MB (2012) Health perceptions and levels of attachment: Owners and pets exercising together J Am Board Fam Med Full
Westgarth, C (2012) Is childhood obesity influenced by dog ownership? No cross-sectional or longitudinal evidence Obes Facts Full

Physical Activity - Morbidity & Mortality

Reference Title Journal
Ekelund, U (2015) Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in Eur… AJCN Full
Holtermann, A (2013) Does the benefit on survival from leisure time physical activity depend on physical activity at w… PLOS ONE Full
Janssen, I (2013) Years of life gained due to leisure-time physical activity in the US Am J Prev Med Full
Kodama, S (2013) Association between physical activity and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease… Diabetes Care Full
Marqueze, EC (2013) Leisure-time physical activity does not fully explain the higher body mass index in irregular-shi… Int Arch Occup Environ Health Abs
Moore, SC (2012) Leisure time physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity and mortality: a large pooled co… PLOS ONE Full
Ostergaard, JN (2013) Combined influence of leisure-time physical activity and hip circumference on all-cause mortality Obesity Full
Sisson, SB (2010) Accelerometer-determined steps/day and metabolic syndrome Am J Prev Med Abs
Wen, CP (2011) Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospec… Lancet Abs

Physical Activity Across the Lifespan

Reference Title Journal
Varma, VR (2017) Re-evaluating the effect of age on physical activity over the lifespan Preventive Med Full
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Physical Activity by BMI

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Position Stands

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Prevalence of Body Dissatisfaction

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Prevalence of Dieting Attempts

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Prevalence of Overweight & Obesity

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Prevalence of Physical Activity

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Van Dyck, D (2015) International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass i… Int J Obes Full
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Westerterp, KR (2013) Physical activity and physical activity induced energy expenditure in humans: measurement, determ… Front Physiol Full

Prevalence of Time Spent Sitting

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Craft, LL (2012) Evidence that women meeting physical activity guidelines do not sit less: An observational inclin… IJBNPA Full
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Prevalence of Weight Loss Success

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Questionnaires - Quality of Life in Obesity

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Hilbert, A (2014) Weight bias internalization scale: psychometric properties and population norms PLOS ONE Full
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Kolotkin, RL (2001) Development of a brief measure to assess quality of life in obesity Obes Res Full
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Oria, HE (1998) Bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS) Obes Surg Abs
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Therrien, F (2011) The laval questionnaire: a new instrument to measure quality of life in morbid obesity Health Qual Life Outcomes Full
Vallis, M (2016) Quality of life and psychological well-being in obesity management: improving the odds of success… Int J Clin Prac Full
Weiner, S (2005) The Bariatric Quality of Life index: a measure of well-being in obesity surgery patients Obes Surg Abs
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Questionnaires

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Alfonsson, S (2016) The meal pattern questionnaire: a psychometric evaluation using the eating disorder examination Eating Behav Abs
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Black & Wilson (1996) Assessment of eating disorders: interview v. questionnaire Int J Eating Disord Abs
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Cappelleri, JC (2009) Evaluating the Power of Food Scale in obese subjects and a general sample of individuals: develop… Int J Obes Full
Cappelleri, JC (2009) Psychometric analysis of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21: results from a large diverse… Int J Obes Fulll
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Fulkerson, JA (2008) The validation of a home food inventory IJBNPA Full
Garnefski, N (2002) The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparis… Eur J Pers Abs
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Gearhardt, AN (2009) Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Appetite Abs
Gibbs, HD (2018) The Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (Nlit) is a valid and reliable measure of nutrition… J Nutr Educ Behav Full
Glynn & Ruderman (1986) The development and validation of an eating self-efficacy scale Cognitive Ther Res Abs
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Keller & Siegrist (2015) The weight management strategies inventory (WMSI). Development of a new measurement instrument, c… Appetite Abs
Kiernan, M (2013) The Standford Leisure-Time Activity Categorical Item (L-Cat): a single categorical item sensitive… Int J Obes Full
Kliemann, N (2016) Development and validation of the self-regulation eating behaviour questionnaire for adults IJBNPA Full
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Pinto, AM (2013) Development and validation of the Weight Control Strategies Scale Obesity Full
Radloff, LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population Appl Psychol Meas Abs
Stotland & Zuroff (1990) A new measure of weight locus of control: The Dieting Beliefs Scale J Pers Assess Abs
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Stunkard & Messick (1985) The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger J Psychosom Res Abs
Tylka & Kroon Van Diest (2013) The Intuitive Eating Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men J Couns Psychol Abs
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Verplanken & Orbell (2003) Reflections on past behavior: a self-report index of habit strength J Appl Soc Psychol Abs
Waller & Osman (1998) Emotional eating and eating psychopathology among non-eating disordered women Int J Eating Disord Abs
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Self Report - BMI

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Shiely, F (2013) Height and weight bias: The influence of time PLOS ONE Full

Self Report - Energy Expenditure

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Dhurandhar, NV (2014) Energy balance measurement: when something is not better than nothing Int J Obes Full
Lichtman, SW (1992) Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise in obese subjects NEJM Full
Pietilainen, KH (2010) Inaccuracies in food and physical activity diaries of obese subjects: complementary evidence from… Int J Obes Full
Wickel & Eisenmann (2006) Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical… Eur J Clin Nutr Full

Self Report - Energy Intake

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Bolhuis, DP (2013) Consumption with large sip sizes increases food intake and leads to underestimation of the amount… PLOS ONE Full
Braam, LA (1998) Determinants of obesity-related underreporting of energy intake Am J Epidemiol Full
Buhl, KM (1995) Unexplained disturbance in body weight regulation: Diagnostic outcome assessed by doubly labeled… J Am Diet Assoc Abs
Dhurandhar, NV (2014) Energy balance measurement: when something is not better than nothing Int J Obes Full
Emond, JA (2013) Using doubly labeled water to validate associations between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and b… Int J Obes Full
Geiselman, PJ (1998) Reliability and validity of a macronutrient self-selection paradigm and a food preference questio… Physiol Behav Abs
Goris, AHC (2000) Undereating and underrecording of habitual food intake in obese men: selective underreporting of… Am J Clin Nutr Full
Heitman & Lissner (1995) Dietary underreporting by obese individuals-is it specific or non-specific? BMJ Full
King, BM (2016) Adults with obesity underreport high-calorie foods in the home Health Behav Policy Rev Full
Lara, JJ (2004) Intentional mis-reporting of food consumption and its relationship with body mass index and psych… J Hum Nutr Diet Abs
Lichtman, SW (1992) Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise in obese subjects NEJM Full
Macdiarmid & Blundell (1998) Assessing dietary intake: Who, what and why of under-reporting Nutr Res Rev Full
Pietilainen, KH (2010) Inaccuracies in food and physical activity diaries of obese subjects: complementary evidence from… Int J Obes Full
Platte, P (1995) Physical activity, total energy expenditure, and food intake in grossly obese and normal weight w… Int J Eating Disorder Abs
Schoeller, DA (2013) Self-report-based estimates of energy intake offer an inadequate basis for scientific conclusions Am J Clin Nutr Full
Subar, AF (2003) Using intake biomarkers to evaluate the extent of dietary misreporting in a large sample of adult… Am J Epidemiol Full
Tomoyasu, NJ (1999) Misreporting of total energy intake in older men and women J Am Geriatr Soc Abs
Trabulsi & Schoeller (2001) Evaluation of dietary assessment instruments against doubly labeled water, a biomarker of habitua… AJPEM Full
Wansink & Sobal (2007) Mindless Eating: the 200 daily food decisions we overlook Environment & Behavior Abs
Winkler, JT (2005) The fundamental flaw in obesity research Obes Rev Abs

Self Report - Weight

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Rossouw, K (2000) The accuracy of self-reported weight by overweight and obese women in an outpatient setting Public Health Nutr Full

Sitting Sedentary Behavior - Morbidity & Mortality

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Chau, JY (2013) Daily sitting time and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis PLOS ONE Full
Hamilton, MT (2007) Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and c… Diabetes Full
Hamilton, MT (2008) Too little exercise and too much sitting: Inactivity physiology and the need for new recommendati… Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep Full
Katzmarzyk, PT (2012) Sedentary behaviour and life expectancy in the USA: a cause-deleted life table analysis BMJ Full
Owen, N (2009) Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease risk? Br J Sports Med Full
Owen, N (2010) Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior Exerc Sports Sci Rev Full
Pereira & Power (2013) Sedentary behaviors in mid-adulthood and subsequent body mass index PLOS ONE Full
Pulsford, RM (2013) Sitting behavior and obesity: Evidence from the Whitehall II study Am J Prev Med Full
Saunders, TJ (2013) Sedentary behaviour, visceral fat accumulation and cardiometabolic risk in adults: a 6-year longi… PLOS ONE Full
Thorp, AA (2011) Sedentary behaviors and subsequent health outcomes in adults. A systematic review of longitudinal… Am J Prev Med Abs
Tudor-Locke & Schuna (2012) Steps to preventing Type 2 diabetes: exercise, walk more, or sit less? Front Endocrinol Full
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Briefel & Johnson (2004) Secular trends in dietary intake in the United States Annu Rev Nutr Abs

Steps per Day & Body Composition (Obs)

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Bassett, DR (2010) Pedometer-measured physical activity and health behaviors in the United States Med Sci Sports Exerc Full
Bassett, DR (2004) Physical activity in an old order Amish community Med Sci Sports Exerc Full
Catenacci, VA (2011) Physical activity patterns using accelerometry in the National Weight Control Registry Obes Rev Full
Sisson, SB (2010) Accelerometer-determined steps/day and metabolic syndrome Am J Prev Med Abs
Thompson, DL (2004) Relationship between accumulated walking and body composition in middle-aged women Med Sci Sports Exerc Full
Tudor-Locke, C (2004) Descriptive epidemiology of pedometer-determined physical activity Med Sci Sports Exerc Full
Tudor-Locke, C (2011) Accelerometer profiles of physical activity and inactivity in normal weight, overweight, and obes… IJBNPA Full
Tudor-Locke, C (2009) Accelerometer-determined steps per day in US adults Med Sci Sports Exerc Full

Steps per Day, Minutes of Exercise, and Total Mileage (Obs)

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Tudor-Locke, C (2011) Accelerometer steps/day translation of moderate-to-vigorous activity Prev Med Full
Williams, PT (2012) Distance walked and run as improved metrics over time-based energy estimation in epidemiological… PLOS ONE Full
Williams, PT (2012) Advantage of distance- versus time-based estimates of walking in predicting adiposity Med Sci Sports Exerc Full

Sugar Sweetened Beverage (SSB) Consumption in US

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Han & Powell (2013) Consumption patterns of sugar-sweetened beverages in the United States J Acad Nutr Diet Full

Time Spent in Sedentary Behavior (Obs)

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Matthews, CE (2008) Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003-2004 Am J Epidemiol Full
Van Dyck, D (2015) International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass i… Int J Obes Full

Ultra-Processed Food in US Diet

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Crino, M (2015) The influence of population weight gain and obesity of the macronutrient composition and energy d… Curr Obes Rep Abs
Martinez Steele, E (2016) Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative… BMJ Open Full

Weight Change, Weight Cycling and Mortality

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Field, AE (2009) Weight cycling and mortality among middle-aged or older women Arch Intern Med Full
Gregg, EW (2003) Intentional weight loss and death in overweight and obese US adults 35 years of age and older Arch Intern Med Full
Ingram & Mussolino (2010) Weight loss from maximum body weight and mortality: the Third National Health and Nutrition Exami… Int J Obes Full
Lissner, L (1991) Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population NEJM Full
Rzehak, P (2007) Weight change, weight cycling and mortality in the ERFORT Male cohort study Eur J Epidemiology Abs
Simonsen, MK (2008) Intentional weight loss and mortality among initially healthy men and women Nutr Rev Full
Sorensen, T (2005) Intention to lose weight, weight changes, and 18-y mortality in overweight individuals without co… PLOS MED Full
Williamson, DF (1995) Prospective study of intentional weight loss and mortality in never-smoking overweight US white w… Am J Epidemiol Abs
Yaari & Goldbourt (1998) Voluntary and involuntary weight loss: associations with long term mortailty in 9,228 middle-aged… Am J Epidemiol Full

Weight Trajectories over Time

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Malhotra, R (2013) Young adult weight trajectories through midlife by body mass category Obesity Full

What Living with Obesity is Like

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Haga, BM (2020) Putting life on hold: lived experiences of people with obesity Scan J Caring Sci Full
Ueland, V (2019) Living with obesity - existential experiences Int J Qual Stud Health Full

What Time of Day are Calories Consumed - History

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Almoosawi, S (2012) Daily profiles of energy and nutrient intakes: are eating profiles changing over time? Eur J Clin Nutr Full