Correlates of Weight Gain

546 papers on correlates of weight gain

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Autonomous Motivation (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Leong, SL (2012)Self-determined, autonomous regulation of eating behavior is related to lower body mass index in…J Am Diet AssocAbs

Bisphenol A (BPA)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Magliano, & Lyons (2012)Bisphenol A and diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and obesity: controversy in…JCEMFull
Nadal, A (2013)Fat from plastics? Linking bisphenol A exposure and obesityNat Rev EndocrinolAbs
Sathyanarayana, S (2013)Unexpected results in a randomized dietary trial to reduce phthalate and bisphenol A exposuresJ Exposure Sci EnvironFull
Sharpe & Drake (2013)Obesogens and obesity –an alternative view?ObesityFull
vom Saal, F (2012)The estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and obesityMolec Cell EndoFull
Wells, EM (2013)Decline in urinary bisphenol A concentations in the United StatesEpidemiologyFull

Breakfast (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Berg, C (2009)Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish populationAppetiteAbs
Cahill, LE (2013)Prospective study of breakfast eating and incident coronary heart disease in a cohort of male US…CirculationFull
Deshmukh-Taskar, P (2012)The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, ab…Public Health NutrAbs
Ma, X (2020)Skipping breakfast is associated with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysisObes Res Clin PractAbs
Ma, Y (2003)Association between eating patterns and obesity in a free-living US adult populationAm J EpidemiolFull
Okada, C (2019)The association of having a late dinner or bedtime snack and skipping breakfast with overweight i…J ObesFull
Purslow, LR (2007)Energy intake at breakfast and weight change: Prospective study of 6,764 middle-aged men and womenAm J EpidemiologyFull
Van der Heijden, AA (2007)A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among US menObesityFull
Wang, JB (2013)Timing of energy intake during the day is associated with the risk of obesity in adultsJ Hum Nutr DietAbs
Xiao, Q (2019)Meal timing and obesity: interactions with macronutrient intake and chronotypeInt J ObesFull
Yamamoto, R (2021)Associations of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner with weight gain and overweight/obesity in…NutrientsFull
Zhang, L (2017)The association between breakfast skipping and body weight, nutrient intake, and metabolic measur…NutrientsFull

Breakfast (skipping)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Berg, C (2009)Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish populationAppetiteAbs
Betts, JA (2016)Is breakfast the most important meal of the day?Proc Nutr SocFull
Ma, Y (2003)Association between eating patterns and obesity in a free-living US adult populationAm J EpidemiolFull
McCrory, MA (2016)Energy and nutrient timing for weight control. Does timing of ingestion matter?Endocrinol Metab ClinicAbs
Song, WO (2005)Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults?J Am Diet AssocAbs
Van der Heijden, AA (2007)A prospective study of breakfast consumption and weight gain among US menObesityFull
Xiao, Q (2019)Meal timing and obesity: interactions with macronutrient intake and chronotypeInt J ObesFull
Zhang, L (2017)The association between breakfast skipping and body weight, nutrient intake, and metabolic measur…NutrientsFull
Sievert, K (2019)Effect of breakfast on weight and energy intake: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomise…BMJFull
St-Onge, M-P (2017)Meal timing and frequency: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific state…CirculationFull

Built Environment - Macro

ReferenceTitleJournal
Feng, J (2010)The built environment and obesity: A systematic review of the epidemiologic evidenceHealth & PlaceAbs
Mackenbach, JD (2014)Obesogenic environments: a systematic review of the association between the physical environment…BMC Public HealthFull
Prince, SA (2011)Neighborhood differences in objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and body mass…J Prev MedFull

Carbohydrate Intake (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Austin, GL (2011)Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-wei…Am J Clin NutrFull
Cao, YJ (2020)Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with becoming overweight and obese: an 11-year longit…Br J NutrAbs
Fogelholm, M (2012)Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult p…Food Nutr ResFull
Ford, D (2017)Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health…Br J NutrFull
Leibel, RL (1992)Energy intake required to maintain body weight is not affected by wide variation in diet compositionAm J Clin NutrAbs
Ludwig & Ebbeling (2018)The carbohydate-insulin model of obesity: beyond “calories in, calories out”JAMA Int MedFull
Ludwig, DS (1999)Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adultsJAMAFull
Pearcey & de Castro (2002)Food intake and meal patterns of weight-stable and weight-gaining personsAJCNFull
Raatz, SK (2017)Relationship of the reported intakes of fat and fatty acids to body weight in US adultsNutrientsFull
Smith, JD (2015)Changes in intake of protein foods, carbohydrate amount and quality, and long-term weight change:…Am J Clin NutrFull
Vergnaud, AC (2013)Macronutrient composition of the diet and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-P…PLOS ONEFull

Chronic Stress (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Chao, AM (2017)Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related horomones: prospective prediction of 6-month changes…ObesityFull
Chao, A (2015)Food cravings mediate the relationship between chronic stress and body mass indexJ Health PsycholFull
Kivimaki, M (2006)Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on bod…Int J ObesFull
Nikoogoftar, M (2018)Comparison between mindfullness, body consciousness and stress in obese and normal-weight peopleInt J PsycholFull
Wardle, J (2011)Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studiesObesityFull

Chronotype (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Maukonen, M (2019)Chronotype and energy intake timing in relation to changes in anthropometrics: a 7-year follow-up…Chronobiol IntAbs
Patterson, F (2017)Interactive effects of sleep duration and morning/evening preference on cardiovascular risk factorsEur J Public HealthFull
Sun, X (2019)The association between sleep chronotype and obesity among black and white participants of the Bo…Chronobiol IntAbs

Cognitive Profile of Obesity Psychological Correlates of Obesity

ReferenceTitleJournal
Jansen, A (2015)A cognitive profile of obesity and its translation into new interventionsFront PsycholFull
van der Merwe, MT (2007)Psychological correlates of obesity in womenInt J ObesFull

Cooking (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Mills, S (2017)Frequency of eating home cooked meals and potential benefits for diet and health: cross-sectional…IJBNPAFull
Taillie & Poti (2017)Associations of cooking with dietary intake and obesity among supplemental nutrition assistance p…Am J Prev MedFull

Cortisol (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bengtsson, I (2010)The cortisol awakening response and the metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of middle…MetabolismAbs
Chao, AM (2017)Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related horomones: prospective prediction of 6-month changes…ObesityFull
Garcez, A (2018)Basal cortisol levels and metabolic sydrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observation…PsychoneuroendocrinologyAbs
Joseph, JJ (2017)Antecedent longitudinal changes in body mass index are associated with diurnal cortisol curve fea…MetabolismFull
Therrien, F (2007)Awakening cortisol response in lean, obese, and reduced obese individuals: effect of gender and f…ObesityFull
Wallerius, S (2014)Rise in moring salivary cortisol is associated with abdominal obesity in men: a preliminary reportJ Endocrinol InvestAbs

Culture Western Lifestyle

ReferenceTitleJournal
Esparza, J (2000)Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cau…Int J ObesFull
Hazuda, HP (1988)Effects of acculturation and socioeconomic status on obesity and diabetes in Mexican AmericansAm J EpidemiolAbs
Holboe-Ottesen, G (2012)Changes in dietary habits after migration and consquences for health: a foucs on South Asians in…Food Nutr ResFull
Kato, H (1973)Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawai…Am J EpidemiolAbs
Khan, LK (1997)Acculturation, socioeconomic status, and obesity in Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puert…Int J ObesFull
Luke, A (2001)Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans, and US black peopleInt J ObesFull
Odegaard, AO (2012)Western-style fast food intake and cardiometabolic risk in an Eastern country clinical perspectiveCirculationFull
Pan, A (2012)Exporting diabetes mellitus to Asia: The impact of western-style fast foodCirculationFull
Ravussin, E (1994)Effects of a traditional lifestyle on obesity in Pima IndiansDiabetes CareAbs
Ravussin, E (1995)Metabolic differences and the development of obesityMetabolismAbs

DNA - Genotype Phenotype (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Martinez, JA (2003)Nutrient-gene interactions obesity risk is associated with carbohydrate intake in women carrying…J NutrFull
Prior, SJ (2011)ADRB2 haplotype is associated with glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese postmenopau…ObesityFull
Bienertova-Vasku, J (2009)Effect of ID ACE gene polymorphism on dietary composition and obesity-related anthropometric para…Genes NutrFull
Cornelis, MC (2009)TCF7L2, dietary carbohydrate, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US womenAm J Clin NutrFull
Memisoglu, A (2003)Interaction between a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y gene polymorphism and dietary…Hum Mol GenetFull
Sonestedt, E (2009)Fat and carbohydrate intake modify the association between genetic variation in the FTO genotype…Am J Clin NutrFull
Smith, CE (2013)Apolipoprotein A2 polymorphism interacts with intakes of dairy foods to influence body weight in…J NutrFull
Corella, D (2011)A high intake of saturated fatty acids strengthens the association between the fat mass and obesi…J NutrFull
Elks, CE (2012)Variability in the heritability of body mass index: a systematic review and meta-regressionFront EndoFull
Speliotes, EK (2010)Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass indexNature GeneFull
Yengo, L (2018)Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ~700000 indivi…Hum Molec GeneFull

Depression (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Blaine, B (2008)Does depression cause obesity? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of depression and weight c…J Health PsychFull
Clum, GA (2014)Associations between depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, eating styles, exercise and body mass in…J Behav MedAbs
Heo, M (2006)Depressive mood and obesity in US adults: comparison and moderation by sex, age, and raceInt J ObesFull
Konttinen, H (2019)Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: a population-based prospective studyIJBNPAFull
Luppino, FS (2010)Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studiesArch Gen PsychiatryFull
Vittengl, JR (2018)Mediation of the bidirectional relations between obesity and depression among womenPsychiatry ResAbs

Diet Quality (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Asghari, G (2017)A systematic review of diet quality indices in relation to obesityBr J NutrFull
Fung, TT (2015)Long-term change in diet quality is associated with body weight change in men and womenJ NutrFull
Hall, KD (2018)Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic?ObesityFull
Holmback, I (2010)A high eating frequency is associated with an overall healthy lifestyle in middle-aged men and wo…Br J NutrFull
Quatromoni, PA (2006)Dietary quality predicts adult weight gain: findings from the Framingham Offspring StudyObesityFull
Silva, FM (2018)Consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity: cross sectional results from the Brazilian Longi…Public Health NutrFull
Wolongevicz, DM (2010)Diet quality and obesity in women: the Framingham Nutrition studiesBr J NutrFull

Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ford, D (2017)Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health…Br J NutrFull

Dietary Restraint (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bellisle, F (2004)The eating inventory and body adiposity from leanness to massive obesity: a study of 2509 adultsObes ResFull
Boschi, V (2001)The three-factor eating questionnaire in the evaluation of eating behaviour in subjects seeking p…Ann Nutr MetabAbs
Cornelis, MC (2014)Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint beh…ObesityFull
de Lauzon-Guillain, B (2006)Is restrained eating a risk factor for weight gain in a general population?Am J Clin NutrFull
Drapeau, V (2003)Do 6-y changes in eating behaviors predict changes in body weight? Results from the Quebec Family…Int J ObesFull
Dykes, J (2004)Socioeconomic gradient in body size and obesity among women: the role of dietary restraint, disin…Int J ObesFull
Hays & Roberts (2007)Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in…ObesityFull
Hays, NP (2002)Eating behavior correlates of adult weight gain and obesity in healthy women aged 55-65 yAm J Clin NutrFull
Lowe, MR (2013)Dieting and restrained eating as prospective predictors of weight gainFront PsycholFull
McGuire, MT (2001)The relationship between restraint and weight and weight-related behaviors among individuals in a…Int J ObesFull
Provencher, V (2004)Eating behaviours, dietary profile and body composition according to dieting history in men and w…Br J NutrFull
Provencher, V (2003)Eating behaviors and indexes of body composition in men and women from the Quebec family studyObes ResFull
Savage, JS (2009)Dieting, restraint, and disinhibition predict women’s weight change over 6 yAm J Clin NutrFull
Sung, J (2009)Relationship of eating behavior to long-term weight change and body mass index. The healthy twin…Eating and Weight DisordersAbs
Williamson, DA (1995)Association of body mass with dietary restraint and disinhibitionAppetiteAbs

Dietary Restraint - Flexible vs Rigid Control (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Drapeau, V (2003)Do 6-y changes in eating behaviors predict changes in body weight? Results from the Quebec Family…Int J ObesFull
Hays & Roberts (2007)Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in…ObesityFull
McGuire, MT (2001)The relationship between restraint and weight and weight-related behaviors among individuals in a…Int J ObesFull
Provencher, V (2004)Eating behaviours, dietary profile and body composition according to dieting history in men and w…Br J NutrFull
Provencher, V (2003)Eating behaviors and indexes of body composition in men and women from the Quebec family studyObes ResFull

Dieting - More Harm than Good

ReferenceTitleJournal
Aphramor, L (2010)Validity of claims made in weight managemen research: a narrative review of dietetic articlesNutr JFull
Bosomworth, NJ (2012)The downside of weight loss. Realistic intervention in body-weight trajectoryCan Fam PhysicianFull
Cannon, G (2005)Dieting. Makes you fat?Br J NutrFull
Cooper, Z (2010)Testing a new cognitive behavioural treatment for obesity: a randomized controlled trial with thr…Behav Res TherFull
Eckel, RH (2005)The dietary approach to obesity. Is it the diet or the disorder?JAMAAbs
Field, AE (2007)Race and gender differences in the association of dieting and gains in BMI among young adultsObesityFull
Hill, AJ (2004)Does dieting make you fat?Br J NutrFull
Juhaeri, J (2001)Weight change among self-reported dieters and non-dieters in white and African American men and w…Eur J EpidemiolAbs
Korkeila, M (1999)Weight-loss attempts and risk of major weight gain: a prospective study in Finnish adultsAm J Clin NutrFull
Lowe, MR (2004)Dieting: really harmful, merely ineffective or actually helpful?Br J NutrFull
Lowe, MR (2013)Dieting and restrained eating as prospective predictors of weight gainFront PsycholFull
Lowe, MR (2015)Dieting: proxy or cause of future weight gain?Obes RevFull
Mann, T (2007)Medicare’s search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answerAm PsychologistAbs
Neumark-Sztainer, D (2006)Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do d…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Nordmo, M (2020)The challenge of keeping it off, a descriptive systematic review of high-quality, follow-up studi…Obes RevAbs
Pietilainen, KH (2012)Does dieting make you fat: A twin studyInt J ObesFull
Provencher, V (2004)Eating behaviours, dietary profile and body composition according to dieting history in men and w…Br J NutrFull
Rideout & Barr (2009)“Restrained Eating” vs “Trying to Lose Weight”: how are they associated with body weight and tend…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Savage, JS (2009)Dieting, restraint, and disinhibition predict women’s weight change over 6 yAm J Clin NutrFull
Siahpush, M (2015)Dieting increases the likelihood of subsequent obesity and BMI gain: results from a prospective s…Int J Behav MedAbs
Strychar, I (2009)Anthropometric, Metabolic, Psychosocial, and Dietary Characteristics of Overweight/Obese postmeno…J Am Diet AssocAbs

Dinner Skipping (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Yamamoto, R (2021)Associations of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner with weight gain and overweight/obesity in…NutrientsFull

Disinhibition (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bellisle, F (2004)The eating inventory and body adiposity from leanness to massive obesity: a study of 2509 adultsObes ResFull
Boschi, V (2001)The three-factor eating questionnaire in the evaluation of eating behaviour in subjects seeking p…Ann Nutr MetabAbs
Bryant, EJ (2007)Disinhibition: its effects on appetite and weight regulationObes RevAbs
Carr, KA (2014)Food reinforcement, dietary disinhibition and weight gain in nonobese adultsObesityFull
Drapeau, V (2003)Do 6-y changes in eating behaviors predict changes in body weight? Results from the Quebec Family…Int J ObesFull
Dykes, J (2004)Socioeconomic gradient in body size and obesity among women: the role of dietary restraint, disin…Int J ObesFull
Hays & Roberts (2007)Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in…ObesityFull
Hays, NP (2002)Eating behavior correlates of adult weight gain and obesity in healthy women aged 55-65 yAm J Clin NutrFull
Provencher, V (2004)Eating behaviours, dietary profile and body composition according to dieting history in men and w…Br J NutrFull
Provencher, V (2003)Eating behaviors and indexes of body composition in men and women from the Quebec family studyObes ResFull
Williamson, DA (1995)Association of body mass with dietary restraint and disinhibitionAppetiteAbs

Driving (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ding, D (2014)Driving: a road to unhealthy lifestyles and poor health outcomesPLOS ONEFull
McCormack & Virk (2014)Driving towards obesity: a systematized literature review on the association between motor vehicl…Prev MedAbs
Sugiyama, T (2013)Commuting by car: weight gain among physically active adultsAm J Prev MedAbs

Eating Rate Speed (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Hsieh, SD (2011)Eating until feeling full and rapid eating both increase metabolic risk factors in Japanese men a…Public Health NutrFull
Hurst & Fukuda (2018)Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of…BMJ OpenFull
Kral, JG (2001)Metabolic correlates of eating behavior in severe obesityInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Lee, KS (2013)Eating rate is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adultsNutr Metab Cardiovas DisAbs
Leong, SL (2015)Speed of eating and 3-year BMI change: a nationwide prospective study of mid-age womenPublic Health NutrFull
Leong, SL (2011)Faster self-reported speed of eating is related to higher body mass index in a nationwide survery…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Maruyama, K (2008)The joint impact on being overweight of self reported behaviours of eating quickly and eating unt…BMJFull
McCrickerd & Forde (2017)Consistency of eating rate, oral processing behaviours and energy intake across mealsNutrientsFull
Nagahama, S (2014)Self-reported eating rate and metabolic syndrome in Japanese people: cross-sectional studyBMJ OpenFull
Ohkuma, T (2015)Association between eating rate and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysisInt J ObesFull
Ohkuma, T (2013)Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance s…DiabetelogiaFull
Otsuka, R (2006)Eating fast leads to obesity: findings based on self-administered questionnaires among middle-age…J EpidemiolAbs
Saito, A (2012)Self-reported rate of eating is significantly associated with body mass index in Japanese patient…AppetiteAbs
Sakurai, M (2012)Self-reported speed of eating and 7-year risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Japanese…MetabolismAbs
Sasaki, S (2003)Self-reported rate of eating correlates with body mass index in 18-y-old Japanese womenInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Tanihara, S (2011)Retrospective longitudinal study on the relationship between 8-year weight change and current eat…AppetiteAbs
Yamane, M (2014)Relationships between eating quickly and weight gain in Japanese university students: a longitudi…ObesityFull

Eating Until Full (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Hsieh, SD (2011)Eating until feeling full and rapid eating both increase metabolic risk factors in Japanese men a…Public Health NutrFull
Maruyama, K (2008)The joint impact on being overweight of self reported behaviours of eating quickly and eating unt…BMJFull

Elevation, Urbanization, and Ambient Temperature (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Diaz-Gutierrez, J (2016)Living at higher altitude and incidence of overweight/obesity: prospective analysis of the SUN co…PLOS ONEFull
Dunnwald, T (2019)Body composition and body weight changes at different altitude levels: a systematic review and me…Front PhysiolFull
Speakman & Heidari-Bakavoli (2016)Type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, prevalence is positively associated with ambient temperatureScientifc RepFull
Voss, JD (2013)Association of elevation, urbanization and ambient temperature with obesity prevalence in the Uni…Int J ObesFull
Voss, JD (2014)Lower obesity rate during residence at high altitude among a military population with frequent mi…PLOS ONEFull
Woolcott, OO (2016)Inverse association between altitude and obesity: a prevalence study among Andean and low-altitud…ObesityFull

Emotional Eating (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Cornelis, MC (2014)Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint beh…ObesityFull
de Lauzon-Guillain, B (2006)Is restrained eating a risk factor for weight gain in a general population?Am J Clin NutrFull
Dohle, S (2014)Physical activity as a moderator of the association between emotional eating and BMI: Evidence fr…Psychology & HealthAbs
Hays & Roberts (2007)Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in…ObesityFull
Koenders & van Strien (2011)Emotional eating, rather than lifestyle behavior, drives weight gain in a prospective study in 15…JOEMAbs
Konttinen, H (2019)Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: a population-based prospective studyIJBNPAFull
Sung, J (2009)Relationship of eating behaviour to long-term weight change and body mass indexEat Weight DisordAbs
van Strien, T (2012)Eating style, overeating and weight gain: a prospective 2-year follow-up study in a representativ…AppetiteAbs
van Strien, T (1986)Life events, emotional eating and change in body mass indexInt J ObesAbs
van Strien, T (2014)Effect of emotional eating and short sleep duration on weight gain in female employeesJ Occup Environ MedAbs

Emotional Regulation Difficulties (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Fernandes, J (2018)Emotional processing in obesity: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysisObes RevAbs
Willem, C (2019)Difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in interoceptive awareness in moderate and severe…Eating Weight DisAbs

Energy Density (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bes-Rastrollo, M (2008)Prospective study of dietary energy density and weight gain in womenAm J Clin NutrFull
Du, H (2009)Dietary energy density in relation to subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference in Eur…PLOS ONEFull
Duffey & Popkin (2011)Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: contributions to increased energy intake in t…PLOS MEDFull
Ello-Martin, JA (2005)The influence of food portion size and energy density on energy intake: implications for weight m…Am J Clin NutrFull
Fogelholm, M (2012)Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult p…Food Nutr ResFull
Ledikwe, JH (2005)Portion sizes and the obesity epidemicJ NutrFull
Rouhani, MH (2016)Associations between dietary energy density and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of…NutritionAbs
Savage, JS (2008)Dietary energy density predicts women’s weight change over 6 yAm J Clin NutrFull

Environmental Chemicals Endocrine Disruptors (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Gohlke & Allison (2013)Evidence for obesogens: Interpretations and next stepsObesityFull
Gupta, R (2020)Endocrine disruption and obesity: a curent review on environmental obesogensCurr Res Green Sustain ChemFull
Heindel & Schug (2013)The Perfect Storm for ObesityObesityFull
Kelishadi, R (2013)Role of environmental chemical in obesity: A systematic review on the current evidenceJ Environ Public HealthFull
LaKind, JS (2012)Use of NHANES data to link chemical exposures to chronic diseases: a cautionary talePLOS ONEFull
Legler, J (2013)An integrated approach to assess the role of chemical exposure in obesityObesityFull
Lim, JS (2011)Inverse associations between long-term weight change and serum concentrations of persistent organ…Int J ObesFull
Sharpe & Drake (2013)Obesogens and obesity –an alternative view?ObesityFull
Weisskopf, MG (2012)What me worry? Chemicals and causalityEpidemiologyAbs

Evening Eating & Eating Before Bed (PM) (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Brewer, EA (2003)The relationship between eating behaviors and obesity in African American and Caucasian womenEat BehavAbs
Casazza, K (2014)Weighing the evidence of common beliefs in obesity researchCrit Rev Food Sci NutrFull
Forslund, HB (2002)Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequ…EJCNFull
Kant, AK (1997)Evening eating and subsequent long-term weight change in a national cohortInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Kerksick, CM (2017)International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timingJ Int Soc Sports NutrFull
Kinsey & Ormsbee (2015)The health impact of nighttime eating: old and new perspectivesNutrientsFull
Kinsey, AW (2014)Influence of night-time protein and carbohydrate intake on appetite and cardiometabolic risk in s…Br J NutrFull
Ormsbee, MJ (2015)The influence of nighttime feeding of carbohydrate or protein combined with exercise training on…Appl Physiol Nutr MetabAbs
Xiao, Q (2019)Meal timing and obesity: interactions with macronutrient intake and chronotypeInt J ObesFull
Baron, KG (2011)Role of sleep timing in caloric intake and BMIObesityFull
Baron, KG (2013)Contribution of evening macronutrient intake to total caloric intake and body mass indexAppetiteFull
Wang, JB (2013)Timing of energy intake during the day is associated with the risk of obesity in adultsHum Nutr DieteticAbs
Okada, C (2019)The association of having a late dinner or bedtime snack and skipping breakfast with overweight i…J ObesFull
Maukonen, M (2019)Chronotype and energy intake timing in relation to changes in anthropometrics: a 7-year follow-up…Chronobiol IntAbs
Bo, S (2014)Consuming more of daily caloric intake at dinner predisposes to obesity. A 6-year population-base…PLOS ONEFull
Wang, JB (2014)Timing of energy intake during the day is associated with the risk of obesity in adultsJ Hum Nutr DietAbs
Waller, SM (2004)Evening ready-to-eat cereal consumption contributes to weight managementJ Am Coll NutrAbs

Executive Function after Weight Loss (RCT)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Brinkworth, GD (2009)Long-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet on mood and cognitive functionArch Intern MedFull
Bryan & Tiggemann (2001)The effect of weight-loss dieting on cognitive performance and psychological well-being in overwe…AppetiteAbs
Gunstad, J (2011)Improved memory function 12 weeks after bariatric surgerySurg Obes Relat DisFull
Halyburton, AK (2007)Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive perfo…Am J Clin NutrFull

Executive Function and Obesity (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Smith, E (2011)A review of the association between obesity and cognitive function across the lifespan: implicati…Obes RevAbs
Yang, Y (2018)Executive function performance in obesity and overweight individuals: a meta-analysis and reviewNeurosci Biobehav RevAbs

External Eating (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Hays & Roberts (2007)Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in…ObesityFull
van Strien, T (2018)Causes of emotional eating and matched treatment of obesityCurr Diab RepFull
van Strien, T (2009)Eating style, overeating, and overweight in a representative Dutch sample. Does external eating p…AppetiteAbs

Farmers Markets and Co-Ops (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Jilcott, SB (2011)Examining associations among obesity and per capita farmers’ markets, grocery stores/supermarkets…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Minaker, LM (2016)Associations between frequency of food shopping at different store types and diet and weight outc…Public Health NutrFull

Fast Food Intake (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bahadoran, Z (2013)Fast food consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome after 3-years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid…Eur J Clin NutrFull
Barnes, TL (2015)Fast-food consumption, diet quality and body weight: cross-sectional and prospective associations…Public Health NutrFull
Bes-Rastrollo, M (2006)Predictors of weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: the Sequimiento Universidad de Navarra StudyAm J Clin NutrFull
Bhutani, S (2018)Frequency of eating out at both fast-food and sit-down restaurants was associated with high body…Am J Health PromotAbs
Boggs, DA (2013)Restaurant foods, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and obesity risk among young African American womenEthn DisFull
Duffey, K (2007)Differential associations of fast food and restaurant food consumption with 3-y change in body ma…Am J Clin NutrFull
Garcia, G (2012)The fast food and obesity link: consumption patterns and severe obesityObes SurgAbs
Marlow & Shiers (2012)The relationship between fast food and obesityAppl Econ LettersAbs
Odegaard, AO (2012)Western-style fast food intake and cardiometabolic risk in an Eastern country clinical perspectiveCirculationFull
Pereira, M (2005)Fast-food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective ana…LancetAbs
Rosenheck, R (2008)Fast food consumpion and increased caloric intake: a systematic review of a trajectory towards we…Obes RevFull
Taillie & Poti (2017)Associations of cooking with dietary intake and obesity among supplemental nutrition assistance p…Am J Prev MedFull

Fat Intake (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Austin, GL (2011)Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-wei…Am J Clin NutrFull
Bes-Rastrollo, M (2008)Prospective study of dietary energy density and weight gain in womenAm J Clin NutrFull
Cao, YJ (2020)Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with becoming overweight and obese: an 11-year longit…Br J NutrAbs
Field, AE (2007)Dietary fat and weight gain among women in the nurses’ health studyObesityFull
Fogelholm, M (2012)Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult p…Food Nutr ResFull
Ford, D (2017)Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health…Br J NutrFull
Hall, KD (2018)Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic?ObesityFull
Hooper, L (2012)Effect of reducing total fat intake on body weight: systematic review and meta-analysis of random…BMJFull
Howard, BV (2006)Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years. The womens health initiative dietary modi…JAMAFull
Koh-Banerjee, P (2003)Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol con…Am J Clin NutrFull
Leibel, RL (1992)Energy intake required to maintain body weight is not affected by wide variation in diet compositionAm J Clin NutrAbs
Lissner & Heitmann (1995)Dietary fat and obesity: evidence from epidemiologyEur J Clin NutrAbs
Ludwig, DS (1999)Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adultsJAMAFull
Macdiarmid, JI (1996)High and low fat consumers, their macronutrient intake and body mass index: further analysis of t…Eur J Clin NutrAbs
Pearcey & de Castro (2002)Food intake and meal patterns of weight-stable and weight-gaining personsAm J Clin NutrFull
Raatz, SK (2017)Relationship of the reported intakes of fat and fatty acids to body weight in US adultsNutrientsFull
Romieu, I (1988)Energy intake and other determinants of relative weightAm J Clin NutrAbs
Saltzman, E (1997)Effect of high-fat and low-fat diets on voluntary energy intake and substrate oxidation: studies…Am J Clin NutrFull
Seidell, JC (1998)Dietary fat and obesity: an epidemiological perspectiveAm J Clin NutrFull
Verboeket-van de Venne (1996)Long-term effects of consumption of full-fat or reduced-fat products in healthy non-obese volunte…MetabolismAbs
Vergnaud, AC (2013)Macronutrient composition of the diet and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-P…PLOS ONEFull
Willet & Leibel (2002)Dietary fat is not a major determinant of body fatAm J MedAbs
Willett, WC (1998)Dietary fat and obesity: an unconvincing relationAm J Clin NutrAbs

Food Away from Home (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bes-Rastrollo, M (2010)A prospective study of eating away-from-home meals and weight gain in a Mediterranean population:…Public Health NutrFull
Du, WW (2016)Gender difference in the association between food away-from-home consumption and body weight outc…Public Health NutrFull
Fulkerson, JA (2011)Away-from-home family dinner sources and associations with weight status, body composition and re…J Am Diet AssocFull
Kant & Graubard (2004)Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutritional correlatesPrev MedAbs
Kant, AK (2010)Away from home meals: associations with biomarkers of chronic disease and dietary intake in Ameri…Int J ObesFull
Kim & Ahn (2020)Eating out and consumers’ health: evidence on obesity and balanced nutrition intakesIJERPHFull
Kim, TH (2014)Food away from home and body mass outcomes: taking heterogeneity into account enchances quality o…NutritionAbs
Nago, ES (2014)Association of out-of-home eating with anthropometric changes: systematic review of prospective s…Crit Rev Food Sci NutrAbs
Seguin, RA (2016)Consumption frequency of foods away from home linked with higher body mass index and lower fruit…J Environ Public HealthFull
Smith, KJ (2009)Takeaway food consumption and its associations with diet quality and abdominal obesity: a cross-s…IJBNPAFull

Food Cravings (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Boswell & Kober (2016)Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: a meta-analytic reviewObes RevFull
Chao, A (2014)Food cravings, food intake, and weight status in a community-based sampleEating BehavFull
Chao, A (2015)Food cravings mediate the relationship between chronic stress and body mass indexJ Health PsycholFull

Food Cue Reactivity

ReferenceTitleJournal
Boswell & Kober (2016)Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: a meta-analytic reviewObes RevFull
Gerlach, G (2015)Personality traits and obesity: a systematic reviewObes RevAbs
Jansen, A (2015)A cognitive profile of obesity and its translation into new interventionsFront PsycholFull
Jastreboff, AM (2013)Neural correlates of stress- and food cue-induced food craving in obesityDiabetes CareFull
Tetley, A (2009)Individual differences in food-cue reactivity. The role of BMI and everyday portion-size selectionsAppetiteAbs
van den Akker, K (2018)Learned overeating: applying principles of pavlovian conditioning to explain and treat overeatingCurr Addict RepFull

Food Deserts (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Budzynska, K (2013)A food desert in Detroit: associations with food shopping and eating behaviours, dietary intakes,…Public Health NutrFull
Cooksey-Stowers, K (2017)Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United StatesIJERPHFull
Liese, AD (2017)Food shopping and acquistion behaviors in relation to BMI among residents of low-income communiti…IJERPHFull
Ghosh-Dastidar, B (2014)Distance to store, food prices, and obesity in urban food desertsAm J Prev MedFull

Food Environment - Macro

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bergin, JE (2012)Genetic and environmental transmission of body mass index fluctuationBehav GenetFull
Crino, M (2015)The influence of population weight gain and obesity of the macronutrient composition and energy d…Curr Obes RepAbs
Giskes, K (2011)A systematic review of envrionmental factors and obesogenic dietary intakes among adults: are we…Obes RevFull
Hall, KD (2018)Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic?ObesityFull
Hill & Peters (1998)Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemicScienceAbs
Hill, JO (2003)Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here?ScienceAbs
Jones-Smith, JC (2013)Obesity and the food environment: income and ethnicity differences among people with diabetes. Th…Diabetes CareFull
Levine, DI (2017)The curious history of the calorie in U.S. policy: a tradition of unfulfilled promisesAm J Prev MedAbs
Monteiro, CA (2013)Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food systemObes RevFull
Moodie, R (2013)Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed foo…LancetAbs
Segal & Allison (2002)Twins and virtual twins: bases of relative body weight revisitedInt J ObesFull
Swinburn, BA (2011)The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environmentsLancetAbs
Swinburn, BA (1999)Dissecting obesogenic environments: The development and application of a framework for identifyin…Prev MedAbs
Vandevijvere, S (2015)Increased food energy supply as a major driver of the obesity epidemicBull World Health OrganFull

Food Environment - Micro

ReferenceTitleJournal
Giskes, K (2011)A systematic review of envrionmental factors and obesogenic dietary intakes among adults: are we…Obes RevFull
Pearcey & de Castro (2002)Food intake and meal patterns of weight-stable and weight-gaining personsAJCNFull
Swinburn, BA (1999)Dissecting obesogenic environments: The development and application of a framework for identifyin…Prev MedFull
Thomas, JG (2011)Ecological momentary assessment of obesogenic eating behavior: combining person-specific and envi…ObesityFull

Food Groups (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Fogelholm, M (2012)Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult p…Food & Nutr ResFull
Schulz, M (2002)Food groups as predictors for short-term weight changes in men and women of the EPIC-Potsdam cohortJ NutrFull
Spencer, EA (2003)Diet and body mass index in 38000 EPIC-Oxford meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegansInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Mozaffarian, D (2011)Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and menNEJMFull
Drapeau, V (2004)Modifications in food-group consumption are related to long-term body-weight changesAm J Clin NutrFull
Schlesinger, S (2019)Food groups and risk of overweight, obesity, and weight gain: a systematic review and dose-respon…Adv NutrFull

Food Reward Sensitivity Food Reinforcement (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Carr, KA (2014)Food reinforcement, dietary disinhibition and weight gain in nonobese adultsObesityFull
Epstein, LH (2012)Usual energy intake mediates the relationship between food reinforcement and BMIObesityFull
Giesen, JCAH (2010)Will work for food: the association of BMI and snack reinforcementObesityFull
Lipsky, LM (2016)Power of Food Scale in association with weight outcomes and dieting in a nationally representativ…AppetiteFull

Food Swamps (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Hall, KD (2018)Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic?ObesityFull
Cooksey-Stowers, K (2017)Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United StatesIJERPHFull
Spence, JC (2009)Relation between local food environments and obesity among adultsBMC Public HealthFull

Food Variety Dietary Diversity (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Azadbakht, L (2006)Dietary diversity score and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adultsPublic Health NutrFull
Jayawardena, R (2013)High dietary diversity is associated with obesity in Sri Lankan adults: an evaluation of three di…BMC Public HealthFull
Latimer, LA (2015)Food neophiles: profiling the adventurous eaterObesityFull
McCrory, MA (1999)Dietary variety within food groups: association with energy intake and body fatness in men and womenAm J Clin NutrFull
McCrory, MA (2012)Dietary (sensory) variety and energy balancePhysiol & BehaviorAbs
Raynor, HA (2012)Can limiting variety assist with reducing energy intake and weight loss?Physiol BehavFull

Genetics - Loci - Ingestion (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Cornelis, MC (2014)Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint beh…ObesityFull
Keskitalo, K (2008)The three-factor eating questionnaire, body mass index, and responses to sweet and salty fatty fo…Am J Clin NutrFull
Sung, J (2010)Heritability of eating behavior assessed using the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and…ObesityFull

Ghrelin (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Chao, AM (2017)Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related horomones: prospective prediction of 6-month changes…ObesityFull
Monti, V (2006)Relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index and waist circumference in a ran…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Shiiya, T (2002)Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretionJCEMFull
Tschop, M (2001)Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesityDiabetesFull

Ghrelin after Weight Loss (RCT)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Foster-Schubert, KE (2005)Human plasma ghrelin levels increase during a one-year exercise programJCEMFull
Hansen, TK (2002)Weight loss increases circulating levels of ghrelin in human obesityClin EndocrinolAbs
Leidy, HJ (2004)Circulating ghrelin is sensitive to changes in body weight during a diet and exercise program in…JCEMFull

Glycemic Index Load (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Hare-Bruun, H (2006)Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to changes in body weight, body fat distribution, an…Am J Clin NutrFull
Bes-Rastrollo, M (2008)Prospective study of dietary energy density and weight gain in womenAm J Clin NutrFull
de la Fuente-Arrillaga, C (2014)Glycemic load, glycemic index, bread and incidence of overweight/obesity in a Mediterranean cohor…BMC Public HealthFull
Du, H (2009)Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and subsequent changes of weight and waist circumference…Int J ObesFull
Smith, JD (2015)Changes in intake of protein foods, carbohydrate amount and quality, and long-term weight change:…Am J Clin NutrFull

Holiday Eating (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bhutani, S (2020)Change in eating pattern as a contibutor to energy intake and weight gain during the winter holid…Int J ObesFull
Hull, HR (2006)The effect of the Thanksgiving holiday on weight gainNutr JFull
Ma, Y (2006)Seasonal variation in food intake, physical activity, and body weight in a predominately overweig…Eur J Clin NutrFull
Schoeller, DA (2014)The effect of holiday weight gain on body weightPhysiol BehavAbs
Turicchi, J (2020)Weekly, seasonal and holiday body weight fluctuation patterns among individuals engaged in a Euro…PLOS ONEFull
Yanovski, JA (2000)A prospective study of holiday weight gainNEJMFull

Home Food Environment (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Emery, CF (2015)Home environment and pyschosocial predictors of obesity status among community-residing men and w…Int J ObesFull
Gorin, AA (2011)Home food and exercise environments of normal-weight and overweight adultsAm J Health BehavFull
King, BM (2016)Adults with obesity underreport high-calorie foods in the homeHealth Behav Policy RevFull
Krukowski, RA (2010)Differences in home food availability of high- and low-fat foods after a behavioral weight contro…IJBNPAFull

Home Grocery Delivery and Online Shopping (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Minaker, LM (2016)Associations between frequency of food shopping at different store types and diet and weight outc…Public Health NutrFull

Home Meal Preparation (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Laska, MN (2015)How we eat what we eat: identifying meal routines and practices most strongly associated with hea…Public Health NutrFull
Taillie & Poti (2017)Associations of cooking with dietary intake and obesity among SNAP participantsAm J Prev MedFull
Zong, G (2016)Consumption of meals prepared at home and risk of type 2 diabetes: an analysis of two prospective…PLOS MedFull

Hunger & Body Weight (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bellisle, F (2004)The eating inventory and body adiposity from leanness to massive obesity: a study of 2509 adultsObes ResFull
Boschi, V (2001)The three-factor eating questionnaire in the evaluation of eating behaviour in subjects seeking p…Ann Nutr MetabAbs
Drapeau, V (2003)Do 6-y changes in eating behaviors predict changes in body weight? Results from the Quebec Family…Int J ObesFull
Drapeau, V (2007)Appetite sensations and satiety quotient: Predictors of energy intake and weight lossAppetiteAbs
Dykes, J (2004)Socioeconomic gradient in body size and obesity among women: the role of dietary restraint, disin…Int J ObesFull
Hays & Roberts (2007)Aspects of eating behaviors “disinhibition” and “restraint” are related to weight gain and BMI in…ObesityFull
Hays, NP (2002)Eating behavior correlates of adult weight gain and obesity in healthy women aged 55-65 yAm J Clin NutrFull
Provencher, V (2004)Eating behaviours, dietary profile and body composition according to dieting history in men and w…Br J NutrFull
Provencher, V (2003)Eating behaviors and indexes of body composition in men and women from the Quebec family studyObes ResFull

Impulsivity Delayed Discounting (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Gerlach, G (2015)Personality traits and obesity: a systematic reviewObes RevAbs
Nederkoorn, C (2006)Impulsivity in obese womenAppetiteAbs
Rasmussen, EB (2010)Percent body fat is related to delay and probability discounting for food in humansBehavioural ProcessesAbs
Terracciano, A (2009)Facets of personality linked to underweight and overweightPsychosom MedFull
Thomas, JG (2015)Delayed discounting and grit in men and women with and without obesityObes Sci PractFull
Weller, RE (2008)Obese women show greater delay discounting than healthy-weight womenAppetiteAbs

Insulin (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Chao, AM (2017)Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related horomones: prospective prediction of 6-month changes…ObesityFull
Chaput, JP (2008)A novel interaction between dietary composition and insulin secretion: effects on weight gain in…Am J Clin NutrFull
Ludwig, DS (1999)Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adultsJAMAFull
Odeleye, OE (1997)Fasting hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of increased body weight gain and obesity in Pima Indian…DiabetesAbs
Sigal, RJ (1997)Acute postchallenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain. A prospective studyDiabetesAbs
Swinburn, BA (1991)Insulin resistance associated with lower rates of weight gain in Pima IndiansJCIFull
Yost, TJ (1995)Weight regain following sustained weight reduction is predicted by relative insulin sensitivityObes ResFull

Interoceptive Awareness (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Fassino, S (2004)Clinical, psychopathological and personality correlates of interoceptive awareness in anorexia ne…PsychpathologyAbs
Herbert & Pollatos (2014)Attenuated interoceptive sensitivity in overweight and obese individualsEat BehavAbs
Nikoogoftar, M (2018)Comparison between mindfullness, body consciousness and stress in obese and normal-weight peopleInt J PsycholFull
Willem, C (2019)Difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in interoceptive awareness in moderate and severe…Eating Weight DisAbs

Irregular Shift Work (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Karlsson, B (2001)Is there an association between shift work and having a metabolic syndrome? Results from a popula…Occup Environ MedFull
Karlsson, B (2003)Metabolic disturbances in male workers with rotating three-shift work: results of the WOLF studyInt Arch Occup Environ HealthAbs
Liu, Q (2018)Is shift work associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity? A systematic review of obse…Int J EpidemiolFull
Marqueze, EC (2013)Leisure-time physical activity does not fully explain the higher body mass index in irregular-shi…Int Arch Occup Environ HealthAbs
Sun, M (2018)Meta-analysis on shift work and risks of specific obesity typesObes RevAbs

Leptin (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Chao, AM (2017)Stress, cortisol, and other appetite-related horomones: prospective prediction of 6-month changes…ObesityFull
Monti, V (2006)Relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index and waist circumference in a ran…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Shiiya, T (2002)Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretionJCEMFull

Life Events (i.e. medical triggers, illness, milestones)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ogden, J (2009)Understanding the role of life events in weight loss and weight gainPsychol Health MedAbs
van Strien, T (1986)Life events, emotional eating and change in body mass indexInt J ObesAbs

Lunch (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Wang, JB (2014)Timing of energy intake during the day is associated with the risk of obesity in adultsJ Hum Nutr DietAbs

Lunch (Skipping)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Berg, C (2009)Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish populationAppetiteAbs
Yamamoto, R (2021)Associations of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner with weight gain and overweight/obesity in…NutrientsFull

Meal Frequency - Weight Change

ReferenceTitleJournal
Aljuraiban, GS (2015)The impact of eating frequency and time of intake on nutrient quality and body mas index: the int…J Acad Nutr DietFull
Bachman, JL (2011)Eating frequency is higher in weight loss maintainers and normal-weight individuals than in overw…J Am Diet AssocFull
Bellisle, F (1997)Meal frequency and energy balanceBr J NutrFull
Brewer, EA (2003)The relationship between eating behaviors and obesity in African American and Caucasian womenEat BehavAbs
Carlson, O (2007)Impact of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction on glucose regulation in healthy, no…MetabolismFull
Casazza, K (2014)Weighing the evidence of common beliefs in obesity researchCrit Rev Food Sci NutrFull
Chiva, M (1997)Cultural aspects of meals and meal frequencyBr J NutrFull
Drummond, SE (1998)Evidence that eating frequency is inversely related to body weight status in male, but not female…Int J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Duval, K (2008)Physical activity is a confounding factor of the relation between eating frequency and body compo…AJCNFull
Fabry, P (1964)The frequency of meals. Its relation to overweight, hypercholesterolemia, and decreased glucose-t…LancetAbs
Forslund, HB (2002)Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequ…EJCNFull
Holmback, I (2010)A high eating frequency is associated with an overall healthy lifestyle in middle-aged men and wo…Br J NutrFull
House, BT (2015)Increased eating frequency linked to decreased obesity and improved metabolic outcomesInt J ObesFull
Howarth, NC (2007)Eating patterns and dietary composition in relation to BMI in younger and older adultsInt J ObesFull
Kant, AK (1995)Frequency of eating occasions and weight change in the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up studyInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordAbs
Kerksick, CM (2017)International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutrient timingJ Int Soc Sports NutrFull
La Bounty, PM (2011)International society of sports nutrition position stand: meal frequencyJ Int Soc Sports NutrFull
Leech, RM (2015)Characterizing eating patterns: a comparison of eating occasion definitionsAJCNFull
Longnecker, MP (1997)Eating frequency in the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (USA), 1987-1988AppetiteAbs
Ma, Y (2003)Association between eating patterns and obesity in a free-living US adult populationAm J EpidemiolFull
Mattes, RD (2014)Ingestive frequency outweighs portion sizePhysiol BehavAbs
Mattes, RD (2018)Snacking: a cause for concernPhysiol BehavAbs
McCrory & Campbell (2010)Effects of eating frequency, snacking, and breakfast skipping on energy regulation: symposium ove…J NutrFull
McCrory, MA (2016)Energy and nutrient timing for weight control. Does timing of ingestion matter?Endocrinol Metab ClinicAbs
Mills, JP (2011)Eating frequency is associated with energy intake but not obesity in midlife womenObesityFull
Murakami & Livingstone (2015)Eating frequency is positively associated with overweight and central obesity in US adultsJ NutrFull
Palmer, MA (2009)Association between eating frequency, weight, and healthNutr RevFull
Pot, GK (2016)Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention s…Proc Nutr SocFull
Ruidavets, JB (2002)Eating frequency and body fatness in middle-aged menInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Swindells, YE (1968)The metabolic response of young women to changes in the frequency of mealsBr J NutrFull
Titan, SM (2001)Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the Euro…BMJFull
Wang, YQ (2016)Increased eating fequency is associated with lower obesity risk, but higher energy intake in adul…Int J Environ Res Public HealthFull
Yannakoulia, M (2007)Association of eating fequency with body fatness in pre- and postmenopausal womenObesityFull
Gill & Panda (2015)A smartphone app reveals erratic dirunal eating patterns in humans that can be modulated for heal…Cell MetabFull
Cahill, LE (2013)Prospective study of breakfast eating and incident coronary heart disease in a cohort of male US…CirculationFull
Duffey & Popkin (2011)Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: contributions to increased energy intake in t…PLOS MEDFull
Schoenfeld, BJ (2015)Effects of meal frequency on weight loss and body composition: a meta-analysisNutr RevFull
McCrory, MA (2011)Eating frequency and energy restriction in free-living adults consuming self-selected dietsJ NutrFull
Canuto, R (2017)Eating frequency and weight and body composition: a systematic review of observational studiesPublic Health NutrFull

Meal Planning - Weight Change (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ducrot, P (2017)Meal planning is associated with food variety, diet quality and body weight status in a large sam…IJBNPAFull

Meal Preparation - Weight Change (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Appelhans, BM (2015)Meal preparation and cleanup time and cardiometabolic risk over 14 years in the Study of Women’s…Prev MedFull
Chu, YL (2012)Time spend in home meal preparation affects energy and food group intakes among midlife womenAppetiteAbs
Kolodinsky & Goldstein (2011)Time use and food pattern influences on obesityObesityFull
Mejean, C (2018)Influence of food preparation behaviors on 5-year weight change and obesity risk in a French pros…IJBNPAFull
Smith, KJ (2011)Involvement of young Australian adults in meal preparation: cross-sectional associations with abd…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Zick, CD (2011)Time use choices and healthy body weight: a multivariate analysis of data from the American Time…IJBNPAFull

Meal Regularity Irregularity (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Laska, MN (2015)How we eat what we eat: identifying meal routines and practices most strongly associated with hea…Public Health NutrFull
Pot, GK (2016)Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention s…Proc Nutr SocFull
Sierra-Johnson, J (2008)Eating meals irregularly: a novel environmental risk factor for the metabolic syndromeObesityFull
Pot, GK (2016)Irregularity of energy intake at meals: prospective associations with the metabolic syndrome in a…Br J NutrFull

Mediterranean Diet (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Beunza, JJ (2010)Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, long-term weight change, and incident overweight or obesity:…Am J Clin NutrFull
Dinu, M (2018)Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observati…Eur J Clin NutrAbs
Ford, D (2017)Evaluation of diet pattern and weight gain in postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health…Br J NutrFull
Mendez, MA (2006)Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced 3-year incidence of obesityJ NutrFull
Panagiotakos,DB (2006)Association between the prevalence of obesity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet: the ATTICA…NutritionAbs
Romaguera, D (2010)Mediterranean dietary patterns and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA…Am J Clin NutrFull
Sanchez-Villegas, A (2006)Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and weight gain in a follow-up study: the SUN cohortInt J ObesFull

Microbiome Diversity (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Menni, C (2017)Gut microbiome diversity and high-fibre intake are related to lower long-term weight gainInt J ObesFull

Night Time Eating (AM)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Andersen, GS (2004)Night eating and weight change in middle-aged men and womenInt J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Berg, C (2009)Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish populationAppetiteAbs
De Zwaan, M (2006)Nighttime eating: a descriptive studyInt J Eat DisordAbs
Gluck, ME (2008)Nighttime eating: commonly observed and related to weight gain in an inpatient food intake studyAJCNFull
Tholin, S (2009)Prevalence of night eating in obese and nonobese twinsObesityFull
Cahill, LE (2013)Prospective study of breakfast eating and incident coronary heart disease in a cohort of male US…CirculationFull
Cleator, J (2012)Night eating syndrome: implications for severe obesityNutr DiabFull
Rand, CS (1998)The night eating syndrome in the general population and among postoperative obesity surgery patientsInt J Eat DisordAbs
Colles, SL (2007)Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psycholo…Int J ObesFull

Number of Weight Loss Attempts and Prospective Weight Change

ReferenceTitleJournal
Fabricatore, AN (2008)Weight loss expectations and goals in a population sample of overweight and obese US adultsObesityFull
Jantz, EJ (2009)Number of weight loss attempts and maximum weight loss before Roux-en-Y laparoscopic gastric bypa…Surgery Obes Relat DisAbs
Kerrigan, SG (2018)The association between previous success with weight loss through dietary change and success in a…J Behav MedFull
Latner & Ciao (2012)Weight-loss history as a predictor of obesity treatment outcome: prospective, long-term results f…J Health PsycholAbs
Teixeira, PJ (2004)Who will lose weight? A reexamination of predictors of weight loss in womenIJBNPAFull

Nutrition Knowledge (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bonaccio, M (2013)Nutrition knowledge is associated with higher adherence to Mediterranean diet and lower prevalenc…AppetiteAbs
Burns, CM (1987)Nutrition knowledge in the obese and overweightInt J ObesAbs
Dallongeville, J (2000)Association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional intake in middle-aged men from Northern F…Public Health NutrFull
Kaufer-Horwitz, M (2015)Knowledge of appropriate foods and beverages needed for weight loss and diet of patients in an ob…Eur J Clin NutrFull
Laz, TH (2015)Level of nutrition knowledge and its association with weight loss behaviors among low-income repr…J Community HealthFull
O’Brien & Davies (2006)Nutrition knowledge and body mass indexHealth Educ ResFull
Vriendt, TD (2009)Determinants of nutrition knowledge in young and middle-aged Belgian women and the association wi…AppetiteAbs
Zhou, L (2017)The impact of changes in dietary knowledge on adult overweight and obesity in ChinaPLOS ONEFull

Perceived Weight Status and Body Weight Change (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Cuypers, K (2012)Being normal weight but feeling overweight in adolescence may affect weight development into youn…J ObesFull
Daly, M (2017)Does knowing hurt? Perceiving oneself as overweight predicts future physical health and well-beingPsychol SciFull
Duong & Roberts (2014)Perceived weight in youths and risk of overweight or obesity six years laterJ Psychosom ResFull
Haynes, A (2018)A systematic review of the relationship between weight status perceptions and weight loss attempt…Obes RevFull
Inoue, M (2010)Lifestyle, weight perception and change in body mass index of Japanese workers. MY Health Up StudyPublic HealthAbs
Robinson, E (2015)Perceived weight status and risk of weight gain across life in US and UK adultsInt J ObesFull
Sonneville, KR (2016)Helpful or harmful? Prospective association between weight misperception and weight gain among ov…Int J ObesFull
Wang, ML (2017)Perceived weight status and weight change among a US adult sampleObesityFull

Persistent Organic Pollutants (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Dirinck, E (2011)Obesity and persistent organic pollutants: possible obesogenic effect of organochlorine pesticide…ObesityFull
Elobeid, MA (2010)Endocrine disruptors and obesity: an examination of selected persistent organic pollutants in the…IJERPHFull
Lee, DH (2006)A strong dose-response relation between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and…Diabetes CareFull
Lim, JS (2008)Association of brominated flame retardants with diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the US populat…Diabetes CareFull
Yang, C (2017)Persistent organic pollutants as risk factors for obesity and diabetesCurr Diab RepAbs

Personality Traits (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Elfhag & Morey (2008)Personality traits and eating behavior in the obese: Poor self-control in emotional and external…Eating BehavAbs
Gerlach, G (2015)Personality traits and obesity: a systematic reviewObes RevAbs
Jokela, M (2013)Association of personality with the development and persistence of obesity: a meta-analysis based…Obes RevFull
Sutin & Terracciano (2016)Personality traits and body mass index: modifiers and mechanismsPsychol HealthFull
Terracciano, A (2009)Facets of personality linked to underweight and overweightPsychosom MedFull
Wimmelmann, CL (2018)Associations of personality with body mass index and obesity in a large late midlife community sa…Obes FactsFull

Plate Clearing (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Krassner, HA (1979)Cleaning the plate: food left over by overweight and normal weight personsBehav Res TherAbs
Robinson & Hardman (2016)Empty plates and larger waists: a cross-sectional study of factors associated with plate clearing…Eur J Clin NutrFull
Robinson, E (2015)Is plate clearing a risk factor for obesity? A cross-sectional study of self-reported data in US…ObesityFull

Portion Size (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Berg, C (2009)Eating patterns and portion size associated with obesity in a Swedish populationAppetiteAbs
Brewer, EA (2003)The relationship between eating behaviors and obesity in African American and Caucasian womenEat BehavAbs
Casazza, K (2014)Weighing the evidence of common beliefs in obesity researchCrit Rev Food Sci NutrFull
Mattes, RD (2014)Ingestive frequency outweighs portion sizePhysiol BehavAbs
Steenhuis & Poelman (2017)Portion size: latest developments and interventionsCurr Obes RepFull
Young & Nestle (2002)The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the us obesity epidemicAm J Public HealthFull
Duffey & Popkin (2011)Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: contributions to increased energy intake in t…PLOS MEDFull
Ello-Martin, JA (2005)The influence of food portion size and energy density on energy intake: implications for weight m…Am J Clin NutrFull
Ledikwe, JH (2005)Portion sizes and the obesity epidemicJ NutrFull
Kant & Graubard (2006)Secular trends in patterns of self-reported food consumption of adult Americans: NHANES 1971-1975…Am J Clin NutrFull

Portion Size (RCT)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Jeffery, RW (2007)Effects of portion size on chronic energy intakeIJBNPAFull
French, SA (2014)Portion size effects on weight gain in a free living settingObesityFull

Prevention of Obesity (RCT)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Galani & Schneider (2007)Prevention and treatment of obesity with lifestyle interventions: review and meta-analysisInt J Public HealthAbs
Wing, RR (2016)Innovative self-regulation strategies to reduce weight gain in young adults: The study of novel a…JAMA Int MedFull
Anderssen, SA (1996)Improved carbohydrate metabolism after physical training and dietary intervention in individuals…J Intern MedAbs
Burke, V (2005)Effects of a lifestyle programme on ambulatory blood pressure and drug dosage in treated hyperten…J HypertensionAbs
Simkin-Sliverman, LR (2003)Lifestyle intervention can prevent weight gain during meopause: results from a 5-year randomized…Ann Behav MedAbs

Processed Ingredients (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Adams & White (2015)Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-d…IJBNPAFull

Protein Intake (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Agnoli, C (2021)Macronutrient composition of the diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in…Nutr Metab Cardio DisFull
Ankarfeldt, MZ (2015)Dietary protein and urinary nitrogen in relation to 6-year changes in fat mass and fat-free massInt J ObesFull
Austin, GL (2011)Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-wei…Am J Clin NutrFull
Fogelholm, M (2012)Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult p…Food Nutr ResFull
Ludwig, DS (1999)Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adultsJAMAFull
Raatz, SK (2017)Relationship of the reported intakes of fat and fatty acids to body weight in US adultsNutrientsFull
Smith, JD (2015)Changes in intake of protein foods, carbohydrate amount and quality, and long-term weight change:…Am J Clin NutrFull
Vergnaud, AC (2013)Macronutrient composition of the diet and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-P…PLOS ONEFull

RER - Predictive of Weight Gain

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ellis, AC (2010)Respiratory quotient predicts fat mass gain in premenopausal womenObesityFull
Froidevauz, F (1993)Energy expenditure in obese women before and during weight loss, after refeeding, and in the weig…Am J Clin NutrAbs
Katzmarzyk, PT (2000)No association between resting metabolic rate or respiratory exchange ratio and subsequent change…Eur J Clin NutrFull
Marra, M (1998)Fasting respiratory quotient as a predictor of weight changes in non-obese womenInt J ObesFull
Marra, M (2004)Fasting respiratory quotient as a predictor of long-term weight changes in non-obese womenAnn Nutr MetabAbs
McNeill, G (1988)Inter-individual differences in fasting nutrient oxidation and the influence of diet compositionInt J ObesAbs
Miles-Chan, JL (2015)Fasting substrate oxidation at rest assessed by indirect calorimetry: is prior dietary macronutri…Int J ObesFull
Ravussin, E (1995)Metabolic differences and the development of obesityMetabolismAbs
Schutz, Y (1995)Abnormalities of fuel utilization as predisposing to the development of obesity in humansObes ResFull
Seidell, JC (1992)Fasting respiratory exchange ratio and resting metabolic rate as predictors of weight gain: the B…Int J Obes Relat Metab DisordAbs
Valtuena, S (1997)The respiratory quotient as a prognostic factor in weight-loss reboundInt J ObesFull
Weinsier, RL (2002)Free-living activity energy expenditure in women successful and unsuccessful at maintaining a nor…Am J Clin NutrFull
Weinsier, RL (2003)Low resting and sleeping energy expenditure and fat use do not contribute to obesity in womenObes ResFull
Weyer, C (1999)Determinants of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man: effects of body composition, age,…Int J ObesFull
Weyer, C (2000)Energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and body weight regulation: a study of metabolic adaptation to…JCEMFull
Zurlo, F (1990)Low ratio of fat to carbohydrate oxidation as a predictor of weight gain: study of 24-h RQAJP Endo MetabAbs
Weinsier, RL (1995)Metabolic Predictors of Obesity: Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of fo…JCIFull

RMR - Predictive of Weight Gain

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ravussin, E (1988)Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body-weight gainNEJMAbs
Weinsier, RL (2003)Low resting and sleeping energy expenditure and fat use do not contribute to obesity in womenObes ResFull
Weyer, C (1999)Determinants of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man: effects of body composition, age,…Int J ObesFull
Weyer, C (2000)Energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and body weight regulation: a study of metabolic adaptation to…JCEMFull
Weinsier, RL (1995)Metabolic Predictors of Obesity: Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of fo…JCIFull

Ramadan Fasting (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Kul, S (2014)Does Ramadan fasting alter body weight and blood lipids and fasting blood glucose in a healthy po…J Relig HealthAbs
MeA-IE Faris (2020)Impact of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on the metabolic syndrome components in healthy, n…Br J NutrFull
Nachvak, SM (2019)Effects of Ramadan on food intake, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and body compositionEur J Clin NutrAbs

Ready-Meals (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
van der Horst, K (2011)Ready-meal consumption: associations with weight status and cooking skillsPublic Health NutrFull

Reinforcement Pathology

ReferenceTitleJournal
Appelhans, BM (2009)Neurobehavioral inhibition of reward-driven feeding: implications for dieting and obesityObesityFull
Epstein, LH (2010)Food reinforcement, delay discounting and obesityPhysiol BehavAbs
Stojek & MacKillop (2017)Relative reinforcing value of food and delayed reward discounting in obesity and disordered eatin…Clinical Psych RevAbs

Satiety Quotient (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
McNeil, J (2014)Satiety quotient linked to food intake and changes in anthropometry during menopause: a MONET studyClimactericAbs

Sedentary Behavior (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Blanck, HM (2007)Sedentary behavior, recreational physical activity, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal U…ObesityFull
Campbell, SD (2018)Sedentary behavior and body weight and composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analys…Sports MedAbs
Ekelund, U (2008)Time spent being sedentary and weight gain in healthy adults: reverse or bidirectional causality?Am J Clin NutrFull
Guo, C (2019)Association of total sedentary behaviour and television viewing with risk of overweight/obesity,…Diabetes Obes MetabAbs
Thorp, AA (2011)Sedentary behaviors and subsquent health outcomes in adults. A systematic review of longitudinal…Am J Prev MedAbs

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Fernandez-Rhodes, L (2013)Association of adiposity genetic variants with menarche timing in 92,105 women of European descentAm J EpidemiolFull
Yengo, L (2018)Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ~700000 indivi…Hum Molec GeneFull

Sitting Time (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Brown, WJ (2003)Sitting time and work patterns as indicators of overweight and obesity in Australian adultsInt J ObesFull
Mummery, WK (2005)Occupational sitting time and overweight and obesity in Australian workersAm J Prev MedAbs
Pedisic, Z (2014)High sitting time or obesity: which came first? Bidirectional association in a longitudinal study…ObesityFull
Thorp, AA (2011)Sedentary behaviors and subsquent health outcomes in adults. A systematic review of longitudinal…Am J Prev MedAbs

Sleep Duration (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Appelhans, BM (2013)Sleep duration and weight change in midlife women: the SWAN sleep studyObesityFull
Baron, KG (2011)Role of sleep timing in caloric intake and BMIObesityFull
Dahmen, N (2001)Increased prevalence of obesity in narcoleptic patients and relativesEur Arch Psych ClinAbs
Klingenberg, L (2012)Short sleep duration and its association with energy metabolismObes RevAbs
Knutson, KL (2007)The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivationSleep Med RevFull
Liu, R (2012)A population-based twin study on sleep duration and body compositionObesityFull
Mozaffarian, D (2011)Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and menNEJMFull
Patterson, F (2017)Interactive effects of sleep duration and morning/evening preference on cardiovascular risk factorsEur J Public HealthFull
Taheri, S (2004)Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass…PLOS MEDFull
van Strien, T (2014)Effect of emotional eating and short sleep duration on weight gain in female employeesJ Occup Environ MedAbs
Watson, NF (2012)Sleep duration and body mass index in twins: a gene-environment interactionSleepFull
Wu, Y (2014)Sleep duration and obesity among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective studiesSleep MedAbs

Smoking (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
de Munter, JS (2015)Longitudinal analysis of lifestyle habits in relation to body mass index, onset of overweight and…Scan J Public HealthAbs
Kahn, HS (1997)Stable behaviors associated with adults’ 10-year change in body mass index and likelihood of gain…Am J Public HealthFull
Mackay, DF (2013)Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on overweight and obesity: Scotland-wide, cross-sectional…BMC Public HealthFull
Romieu, I (1988)Energy intake and other determinants of relative weightAm J Clin NutrAbs
Sneve & Jorde (2008)Cross-sectional study on the relationship between body mass index and smoking, and longitudinal c…Scan J Public HealthAbs

Smoking Cessation (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Bush, T (2016)The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes riskObesityFull
Flegal, KM (1995)The influence of smoking cessation on the prevlance of overweight in the United StatesNEJMFull
Koh-Banerjee, P (2003)Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol con…Am J Clin NutrFull
Mackay, DF (2013)Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on overweight and obesity: Scotland-wide, cross-sectional…BMC Public HealthFull
Mozaffarian, D (2011)Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and menNEJMFull
Taylor, CB (1994)Effects of life-style on body mass index changeEpidemiologyAbs

Snacking (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Barnes, TL (2015)Snacking behaviors, diety quality, and BMI in a community sample of working adultsJ Acad Nutr DietFull
Bes-Rastrollo, M (2010)Prospective study of self-reported usual snacking and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: The…Clin NutrAbs
Forslund, HB (2005)Snacking frequency in relation to energy intake and food choices in obese men and women compared…Int J ObesFull
Hampl, JS (2003)Snacking patterns influence energy and nutrient intakes but not body mass indexJ Hum Nutr DietetAbs
Howarth, NC (2007)Eating patterns and dietary composition in relation to BMI in younger and older adultsInt J ObesFull
Mills, JP (2011)Eating frequency is associated with energy intake but not obesity in midlife womenObesityFull
Njike, VY (2016)Snack food, satiety, and weightAdv NutrFull
O’Connor, L (2015)The cross-sectional association between snacking behaviour and measures of adiposity: the Fenland…Br J NutrFull

Snacking (RCT)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Johnstone, AM (2000)Altering the temporal distribution of energy intake with isoenergetically dense foods given as sn…Br J NutrFull
Njike, VY (2016)Snack food, satiety, and weightAdv NutrFull
Njike, VY (2017)Snacking, satiety, and weight: a randomized, controlled trialAm J Health PromotAbs
van Dongen, MV (2010)Effects of snack consumption for 8 weeks on energy intake and body weightInt J ObesFull

Social Network (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Christakis & Fowler (2007)The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 yearsNEJMFull
Fuentes, NS (2019)Social network influences and the adoption of obesity-related behaviours in adults: a critical in…BMC Public HealthFull
Zhang, S (2018)Applications of social network analysis to obesity: a systematic reviewObes RevAbs

Socioeconomic Status (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Goldblatt, PB (1965)Social factors in obesityJAMAAbs
Hazuda, HP (1988)Effects of acculturation and socioeconomic status on obesity and diabetes in Mexican AmericansAm J EpidemiolAbs
Jones-Smith, JC (2013)Obesity and the food environment: income and ethnicity differences among people with diabetes. Th…Diabetes CareFull
Kaiser, KA (2012)Conjectures on some curious connections among social status, calorie restriction, hunger, fatness…Ann NY Acad SciFull
Khan, LK (1997)Acculturation, socioeconomic status, and obesity in Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puert…Int J ObesFull
McLaren, L (2007)Socioeconomic status and obesityEpidemiologic RevFull
Prince, SA (2011)Neighborhood differences in objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and body mass…J Prev MedFull
Zhang & Wang (2004)Trends in the association between obesity and socioeconomic status in US adults: 1971 to 2000Obes ResFull

Substrate Balances - Isocaloric

ReferenceTitleJournal
Abbott, WGH (1988)Short-term energy balance: relationship with protein, carbohydrate, and fat balancesAJP Endo MetabAbs
Abbott, WGH (1990)Energy expenditure in humans: effects of dietary fat and carbohydrateAm J PhysiolAbs
Boden, G (2005)Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in ob…Ann Intern MedAbs
Bray & Popkin (1998)Dietary fat intake does affect obesityAJCNFull
Cooling & Blundell (1998)Differences in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between habitual high fat and low fat c…Int J Obes Relat Metab DisordFull
Eckel, RH (2006)Carbohydrate balance predicts weight and fat gain in adultsAm J Clin NutrFull
Fine & Feinman (2004)Thermodynamics of weight loss dietsNutr MetabFull
Galgani, JE (2010)Effect of a 3-day high-fat feeding period on carbohydrate balance and ad libitum energy intake in…Int J ObesityFull
Hall, KD (2016)Energy expenditure and body composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight…AJCNFull
Hill, JO (1991)Nutrient balance in humans: effects of diet compositionAm J Clin NutrAbs
Hill, JO (1993)Obesity treatment: can diet composition play a role?Ann Intern MedAbs
Hill, JO (2000)Dietary fat intake and regulation of energy balance: implications for obesityJ NutrFull
Hill, JO (2012)Energy balance and obesityCirculationFull
Koutsari & Sidossis (2003)Effect of isoenergetic low-and high-carbohydrate diets on substrate kinetics and oxidation in hea…Br J NutrFull
Larson, DE (1995)Energy metabolism in weight-stable postobese individualsAm J Clin NutrAbs
Lean, MEJ (1987)Metabolic effects of isoenergetic nutrient exchange over 24 hours in relation to obesity in womenInt J ObesAbs
Ludwig & Ebbeling (2016)Raising the bar on the low-carbohydrate dietAJCNFull
Ludwig & Friedman (2014)Increasing adiposity: consequence or cause of overeating?JAMAAbs
Lustig, RH (2006)Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Th…Nat Clin Pract Endo MetabAbs
Melanson, E (2009)Exercise improves fat metabolism in muscle but does not increase 24-h fat oxidationMed Sci Sport RevFull
Melanson, E (2009)When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentar…AJP Endo MetabFull
Roberts & Das (2015)One strike against low-carbohydrate dietsCell MetabolismFull
Roust, LR (1994)Effects of isoenergetic, low-fat diets on energy metabolism in lean and obese womenAJCNAbs
Roy, HJ (1998)Substrate oxidation and energy expenditure in athletes and nonathletes consuming isoenergetic hig…Am J Clin NutrFull
Schutz, Y (2004)Dietary fat, lipogenesis and energy balancePhysiol BehaviorAbs

Supercenter or Warehouse Club (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Courtemanche & Carden (2011)Supersizing supercenters? The impact of Walmart Supercenters on body mass index and obesityJ Urban EconomicsAbs
Jilcott, SB (2011)Examining associations among obesity and per capita farmers’ markets, grocery stores/supermarkets…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Liese, AD (2017)Food shopping and acquistion behaviors in relation to BMI among residents of low-income communiti…IJERPHFull
Minaker, LM (2016)Associations between frequency of food shopping at different store types and diet and weight outc…Public Health NutrFull

Television Viewing (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ding, D (2012)Habitual active transport, TV viewing and weight gain: A four year follow-up studyPrev MedAbs
Guo, C (2019)Association of total sedentary behaviour and television viewing with risk of overweight/obesity,…Diabetes Obes MetabAbs
Koh-Banerjee, P (2003)Prospective study of the association of changes in dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol con…Am J Clin NutrFull
Mozaffarian, D (2011)Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and menNEJMFull
Parsons, TJ (2008)Television viewing and obesity: a prospective study in the 1958 British birth cohortEur J Clin NutrFull
Tucker, LA (1991)Television viewing and obesity in adult femalesAm J Public HealthFull
Tucker, LA (1989)Television viewing and obesity in adult malesAm J Public HealthFull

Time Usage (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Abramowitz, J (2016)The connection between working hours and body mass index in the US: a time use analysisRev Econ HouseholdAbs
Kolodinsky & Goldstein (2011)Time use and food pattern influences on obesityObesityFull
Pinto, KA (2018)Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Stud…PLOS ONEFull
Zick, CD (2011)Time use choices and healthy body weight: a multivariate analysis of data from the American Time…IJBNPAFull

Timing of Food Intake (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Dashti, HS (2019)Timing of food intake: identifying contributing factors to design effective interventionsAdv NutrFull
McHill, AW (2019)Caloric and macronutrient intake differ with circadian phase and between lean and overweight youn…NutrientsFull
McHill, AW (2017)Later circadian timing of food intake is associated with increased body fatAm J Clin NutrFull
Gill & Panda (2015)A smartphone app reveals erratic dirunal eating patterns in humans that can be modulated for heal…Cell MetabFull
Garaulet & Gomez-Abellan (2014)Timing of food intake and obesity: a novel associationPhysiol BehavAbs
McHill, AW (2017)Later circadian timing of food intake is associated with increased body fatAm J Clin NutrFull
Xiao, Q (2019)Meal timing and obesity: interactions with macronutrient intake and chronotypeInt J ObesFull
Thomas, EA (2021)Later meal and sleep timing predicts higher percent body fatNutrientsFull

Twin Studies (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Allison, DB (1996)The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apartInt J ObesAbs
Min, J (2013)Variation in the heritability of body mass index based on diverse twin studies: a systematic reviewObes RevFull
Segal & Allison (2002)Twins and virtual twins: bases of relative body weight revisitedInt J ObesFull
Segal, NL (2009)Genetic and environmental contributions to body mass index: comparative analysis of monozygotic t…Int J ObesFull

Ultraprocessed Food (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Adams & White (2015)Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-d…IJBNPAFull
Askari, M (2020)Ultra-processed food and the risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysi…Int J ObesAbs
Beslay, M (2020)Ultra-processed food intake in association with BMI change and risk of overweight and obesity: a…PLOS ONEFull
Canella, DS (2014)Ultra-processed food products and obesity in Brazilian households (2008-2009)PLOS ONEFull
Juul & Hemmingsson (2015)Trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Sweden between 1960 and 2010Public Health NutrFull
Juul, F (2018)Ultra-processed food consumption and excess weight among US adultsBr J NutrFull
Mendonca, R (2016)Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of overweight and obesity: the University of Navarra Fol…Am J Clin NutrFull
Monteiro, CA (2017)Household availability of ultra-processed foods and obesity in nineteen European countriesPublic Health NutrFull
Nardocci, M (2019)Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in CanadaCan J Public HealthFull
Pagliai, G (2021)Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysisBr J NutrFull
Rauber, F (2020)Ultra-processed food consumption and indicators of obesity in the United Kingdom population (2008…PLOS ONEFull
Silva, FM (2018)Consumption of ultra-processed food and obesity: cross sectional results from the Brazilian Longi…Public Health NutrFull

Uncontrolled Eating (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Cornelis, MC (2014)Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint beh…ObesityFull
de Lauzon-Guillain, B (2006)Is restrained eating a risk factor for weight gain in a general population?Am J Clin NutrFull
Rohrer, JE (2009)Uncontrolled eating and obesity in adult primary care patientsObes Res Clin PractAbs
Vainik, U (2019)Uncontrolled eating: a unifying heritable trait linked with obesity, overeating, personality and…Eur J NeurosciAbs

Unprocessed or Minimally Processed Foods (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Adams & White (2015)Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-d…IJBNPAFull
Nasreddine, L (2017)A minimally processed dietary pattern is associated with lower odds of metabolic syndrome among L…Public Health NutrFull

Using Media While Eating (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Laska, MN (2015)How we eat what we eat: identifying meal routines and practices most strongly associated with hea…Public Health NutrFull

Vacation (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Cooper & Tokar (2016)A prospective study on vacation weight gain in adultsPhysiol BehavAbs
Hruska, B (2019)Vacation frequency is associated with metabolic syndrome and symptomsPsychol HealthAbs

Weekend Lifestyle Patterns (Obs)

ReferenceTitleJournal
Hill, C (2018)Relationship between weekly patterns of caloric intake and reported weight loss outcomes: retrosp…JMIR mHealth uHealthFull
Orsama, AL (2014)Weight rhythms: weight increases during weekends and decreases during weekdaysObes FactsFull
Racette, SB (2008)Influence of weekend lifestyle patterns on body weightObesityFull
Turicchi, J (2020)Weekly, seasonal and holiday body weight fluctuation patterns among individuals engaged in a Euro…PLOS ONEFull

Weight Cycling and Subsequent Weight Change

ReferenceTitleJournal
Ahern, AL (2011)Weight Watchers on prescription: an observational study of weight change among adults referred to…BMC Public HealthFull
Casazza, K (2014)Weighing the evidence of common beliefs in obesity researchCrit Rev Food Sci NutrFull
French, SA (1999)Is dieting good for you?: Prevalence, duration and associated weight and behavior changes for spe…Int J ObesFull
Lowe, MR (2015)Dieting: proxy or cause of future weight gain?Obes RevAbs
Siahpush, M (2015)Dieting increases the likelihood of subsequent obesity and BMI gain: Results from a prospective s…Int J Behav MedAbs
Cereda, E (2011)Weight cycling is associated with body weight excess and abdominal fat accumulation: A cross-sect…Clin NutrAbs
Diaz, VA (2005)The association between weight fluctuation and mortality: results from a population-based cohort…J Commun HealthAbs
Kroke, A (2002)Recent weight changes and weight cycling as predictors of subsequent two year weight change in a…Int J ObesFull
Lee, JS (2010)Weight loss and regain and effect on body composition: the health, aging, and body composition studyJ Gerontol Biol Sci MedFull
Marquet, LA (2013)No effect of weight cycling on the post-career BMI of weight class elite athletesBMC Public HealthFull
Montani, JP (2006)Weight cycling during growth and beyond as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: the ‘repeat…Int J ObesFull
Saarni, SE (2005)Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleageInt J ObesFull
Strychar, I (2009)Anthropometric, Metabolic, Psychosocial, and Dietary Characteristics of Overweight/Obese postmeno…J Am Diet AssocAbs
Lissner, L (1991)Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham populationNEJMFull
Latner & Ciao (2012)Weight-loss history as a predictor of obesity treatment outcome: prospective, long-term results f…J Health PsycholAbs